The Official Black History Thread

[Trill Clinton]

If you have any information on Black history whether it was well known or no, post it here:toast

[Trill Clinton]

Alexandre Dumas was a French writer who penned one of my favorite books, The Count of Monte Cristo and more famously The Three Musketeers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Dumas_by_Nadar%2C_1855.jpg/240px-Dumas_by_Nadar%2C_1855.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dumas_by_Nadar,_1855.jpg)

He was biracial of Haitian descent.


Despite Alexandre Dumas' success and aristocratic background, his being of mixed race would affect him all his life. In 1843 he wrote a short novel, Georges (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_%28novel%29), that addressed some of the issues of race and the effects of colonialism. He once remarked to a man who insulted him about his mixed-race background:
"My father was a mulatto, my grandfather was a Negro, and my great-grandfather a monkey. You see, Sir, my family starts where yours ends."


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Alexandre_Dumas_Nadar.jpg/220px-Alexandre_Dumas_Nadar.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexandre_Dumas_Nadar.jpg) http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexandre_Dumas_Nadar.jpg)
Alexandre Dumas, photo by Nadar (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadar_%28photographer%29)

[Trill Clinton]

Rosewood Case, one of the worst race riots in American history, in which hundreds of angry whites killed an undetermined number of blacks and burnt down their Florida community.
In 1922 Rosewood, Florida, was a small, predominantly black town. During the winter of 1922, two events in the vicinity of Rosewood aggravated local race relations: the murder of a white schoolteacher in nearby Perry, which led to the murder of three blacks, and a Ku Klux Klan rally in Gainesville on New Year's Eve.

On New Year's Day of 1923, Fannie Taylor, a young white woman living in Sumner, claimed that a black man sexually assaulted her in her home. A small group of whites began searching for a recently escaped black convict named Jesse Hunter, whom they believed to be responsible. They incarcerated one suspected accomplice, Aaron Carrier, and lynched another, Sam Carter. The men then targeted Aaron's cousin Sylvester Carrier, a fur trapper and private music instructor, who was rumored to be harboring Jesse Hunter.A group of 20 to 30 white men went to Sylvester Carrier's house to confront him. They shot his dog, and when his mother, Sarah, stepped outside to talk with the men, they shot her.
Sylvester killed two men and wounded four in the shoot-out that ensued. After the men left, the women and children, who prior to this had gathered in Carrier's house for protection, fled to the swamp where the majority of Rosewood's residents had already sought refuge.

The white men returned to Carrier's house the following evening. After a brief shoot-out, they entered the house, found the bodies of Sarah Carrier and a black man whom they believed to be Sylvester Carrier, and set the residence on fire.
The men then proceeded to rampage through Rosewood, torching other buildings and slaughtering animals. They were joined by a mob of about 200 whites who converged on Rosewood after finding out that a black man had killed two whites.That night two local white train conductors, John and William Bryce, who knew all of Rosewood's residents, picked up the black women and children and took them to Gainesville. John Wright, a white general store owner who hid a number of black women and children in his home during the riot, planned and helped carry out this evacuation effort. The African Americans who escaped by foot headed for Gainesville or for other cities in the northern United States.

By the end of the weekend all of Rosewood was leveled except for the Wright house and the general store. Although the state of Florida claimed that only eight people died in the Rosewood riot�two whites and six blacks�testimonies by survivors suggest that more African Americans perished. No one was charged with the Rosewood murders. After the riot, the town was deserted and even blacks living in surrounding communities moved out of the area.


There was a movie by the same name directed by John Singleton(Boyz N The Hood) that starred Ving Rhames, Don Cheadle and John Voight. Pretty good movie, check it out if you see it on your tv guide.

[Trill Clinton]

Patrice LaMumba - Congolese Leader

http://www.notablebiographies.com/images/uewb_06_img0440.jpg


was a Congolese independence leader and the first legally elected Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo after he helped win its independence from Belgium in June 1960. Only ten weeks later, Lumumba's government was deposed in a coup during the Congo Crisis.[1] He was subsequently imprisoned and murdered in circumstances suggesting the support and complicity of the governments of Belgium and the United States.





The CIA was hatching plots against Cuban leader Fidel Castro and was accused of fomenting coups and planning assassinations worldwide. And Lumumba clearly scared the daylights out of the Eisenhower administration. "In high quarters here, it is the clear-cut conclusion that if [Lumumba] continues to hold high office, the inevitable result will [have] disastrous consequences . . . for the interests of the free world generally," CIA Director Allen Dulles wrote. "Consequently, we conclude that his removal must be an urgent and prime objective."
Even out of office, Lumumba remained under the microscope of Western spy services. His ties to Moscow frightened Washington. His fierce anti-colonialism unnerved Brussels. Belgium finally got its chance at Lumumba after Congolese authorities arrested him in December 1960. Belgian officials engineered his transfer to the breakaway province of Katanga, which was under Belgian control. De Witte reveals a telegram from Belgium's African-affairs minister, Harold d'Aspremont Lynden, essentially ordering that Lumumba be sent to Katanga. Anyone who knew the place knew that was a death sentence.
Firing squad. When Lumumba arrived in Katanga, on January 17, accompanied by several Belgians, he was bleeding from a severe beating. Later that evening, Lumumba was killed by a firing squad commanded by a Belgian officer. A week earlier, he had written to his wife, "I prefer to die with my head unbowed, my faith unshakable, and with profound trust in the destiny of my country." Lumumba was 35.
The next step was to destroy the evidence. Four days later, Belgian Police Commissioner Gerard Soete and his brother cut up the body with a hacksaw and dissolved it in sulfuric acid. In an interview on Belgian television last year, Soete displayed a bullet and two teeth he claimed to have saved from Lumumba's body.

<FONT size=-1 face=ARIAL, helvetica="">What remains unclear is the extent, if any, of Washington's involvement in the final plot. A Belgian official who helped engineer Lumumba's transfer to Katanga told de Witte that he kept CIA station chief Lawrence Devlin fully informed of the plan. "The Americans were informed of the transfer because they actively discussed this thing for weeks," says de Witte. But Devlin, now retired, denies any previous knowledge of the transfer.

[Trill Clinton]

The case of George Stinney.

I was in my late teens when I was horrified and made aware of this story in Time magazine, I believe. I think it spawned my militant phase to be honest.

Anyway, a 14 year old black boy was convicted as an adult for the murder of 2 white girls in the 1940's. The boy never denied the claim but he never got a fair trial and was the youngest ever to be executed. He weighed less than 90 lbs., could not even fit the shackles the was put in. Anyway, it's a very sad story and I always said if I ever came into alot of money, I'd put effort into getting his story told onscreen although I believe there was an attempt in the early 90's.

But here is some info on him:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/George_Stinney_1944.jpg (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/George_Stinney_1944.jpg)


Stinney, who was black, was arrested for murdering two white girls, Betty June Binnicker, age 11, and Mary Emma Thames, age 8, in Alcolu, located in Clarendon County, South Carolina, on March 23, 1944.[2] The girls had disappeared while out riding their bicycle looking for flowers.[3] As they passed the Stinney property, they asked young George Stinney and his sister, Katherine, if they knew where to find "maypops", a type of flower.[3] When the girls did not return, search parties were organized, with hundreds of volunteers, and their bodies were found the next morning in a ditch filled with muddy water.[3] Both had suffered severe head wounds.[3]

Stinney was arrested a few hours later and was interrogated by several white officers in a locked room with no witnesses aside from the officers; within an hour, a deputy announced that Stinney had confessed to the crime.[3] According to the confession, Stinney (90 lbs, 5'1") wanted to "have sex with" 11 year old Betty June Binnicker and could not do so until her companion, Mary Emma Thames, age 8, was removed from the scene; thus he decided to kill Mary Emma.[3] When he went to kill Mary Emma, both girls "fought back" and he thus decided to kill Betty June, as well, with a 15 inch railroad spike that was found in the same ditch a distance from the bodies.[3] According to the accounts of deputies, Stinney apparently had been successful in killing both at once, causing major blunt trauma to their heads, shattering the skulls of each into at least 4-5 pieces.[3] The next day, Stinney was charged with first-degree murder.[3] Jones describes the town's mood as grief, transformed in the span of a few hours into seething anger, with the murders raising racially and politically charged tension. Townsmen threatened to storm the local jail to lynch Stinney, but prior to this, he had been removed to Charleston by law enforcement.[3] Stinney's father was fired from his job at the local lumber mill and the Stinney family left town during the night in fear for their lives.[3]

The trial took place on April 24 at the Clarendon County Courthouse. Jury selection began at 10 am, ending just after noon, and the trial commenced at 2:30 pm.[3] Stinney's court appointed lawyer was 30-year-old Charles Plowden, who had political aspirations.[3] Plowden did not cross-examine witnesses, his defense was reported to consist of the claim that Stinney was too young to be held responsible for the crimes.[3] However the law in South Carolina at the time regarded anyone over the age of 14 as an adult.[3] Closing arguments concluded at 4:30 pm, the jury retired just before 5 pm and deliberated for 10 minutes, returning a guilty verdict with no recommendation for mercy.[3] Stinney was sentenced to death in the electric chair.[2] When asked about appeals, Plowden replied that there would be no appeal, as the Stinney family had no money to pay for a continuation.[3] When asked about the trial, Lorraine Binnicker Bailey, the sister of Betty June Binnicker, one of the murdered children, stated:
� Everybody knew that he done it, even before they had the trial they knew that he done it. But, I don't think that they had too much of a trial. �

�Lorraine Binnicker Bailey, sister of victim Betty June Binnicker, as quoted by Jones, Mark R., South Carolina Killers: Crimes of Passion, pg. 41.[3]

Local churches, the N.A.A.C.P., and unions pleaded with Governor Olin D. Johnston to stop the execution and commute the sentence to life imprisonment, citing Stinney's age as a mitigating factor.[3] There was substantial controversy about the pending execution, with one citizen writing to Johnston, stating, "Child execution is only for Hitler."[3] Still, there were supporters of Stinney's execution; another letter to Johnston stated: "Sure glad to hear of your decision regarding the Brotha Man Stinney."[3] Johnston did nothing, thereby allowing the execution to proceed.[3]
[edit] Execution

The execution of George Stinney was carried out at the South Carolina State Penitentiary in Columbia, South Carolina, on June 16, 1944. At 7:30 p.m., Stinney walked to the execution chamber with a Bible under his arm.[3] Standing 5'1" and weighing just over 90 pounds,[2] he was small for his age, which presented difficulties in securing him to the frame holding the electrodes. Neither did the state's adult-sized face-mask fit Stinney; his convulsing exposed his face to witnesses as the mask slipped free.[4] Stinney was declared dead within four minutes of the initial electrocution[3] From the time of the murders until Stinney's execution, eighty one days had passed.[3]

[clambake]

bobby seale being gagged and chained during trial.

[Trill Clinton]

http://www.williefrancis.com/inside/html/book.html (http://www.williefrancis.com/inside/html/book.html)

On May 3, 1946, in picturesque St. Martinville, Louisiana, a seventeen year-old black boy was scheduled for execution by electric chair inside of a tiny redbrick jail. Charged with the murder of a local Cajun pharmacist, Willie Francis�s trial had been brief and a guilty verdict was never in doubt. Willie�s appointed lawyers called no witnesses, presented no evidence and had not filed a single appeal once he was sentenced to die by electrocution.

As the noontide church bells began to toll, a crowd of townspeople gathered in the streets surrounding the jailhouse. Inside, the executioners � still smelling of liquor after spending a late night in the local taverns -- strapped Willie into the electric chair. Three hundred pounds of oak and metal, the chair had been dubbed �Gruesome Gertie.� At 12:08 PM, the executioners flipped the switch. Willie screamed and writhed under his restraints. The chair shuddered and slid across the floor. But Willie Francis did not die.
Having miraculously survived, Willie was soon informed that the State would try to kill him again in six days. Letters and telegrams began pouring into St. Martinville from across the country�spurred on by editorials and radio commentaries. Americans of all colors and classes were transfixed by the fate of this young man. Had he been saved from death by the hand of the Almighty? Could Louisiana really electrocute someone twice? Was the boy innocent�the victim of secrets and lies told by powerful whites in the cursed town of St. Martinville? Into the fray stepped a young Cajun lawyer just returned from WWII, Bertrand DeBlanc. After a visit from Willie�s shaken but resolute father, DeBlanc resolved to take on Willie�s case�in the face of overwhelming local resistance. Despite the fact that the murdered pharmacist was one of DeBlanc�s best friends, and the knowledge that his own family was rooted in white supremacy, DeBlanc would battle those on both sides of the color line in the hope of saving Willie Francis from an inhuman fate. He argued the case from the Bayou all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court where it caused a rift between the Justices. Felix Frankfurter, tortured by his vote to allow Willie to face the electric chair a second time, would make an unprecedented and covert last-ditch effort to overturn his own decision and save the life of Willie Francis.
An extraordinary and troubling story of a brutal crime, community vengeance, legal heroism, and constitutional law, The Execution of Willie Francis offers a historical examination of race and capital punishment � issues that remain all too timely today.



Edited by pattigurlatl - Jul 25 2010 at 3:57am

[Trill Clinton]

bobby seale being gagged and chained during trial.

the black panther movement was indeed interesting. Seale and Newton(before the drugs) had the CIA shitting their pants.

[Trill Clinton]

The Atlanta Race Riot of 1906 was a mass civil disturbance in Atlanta, Georgia, USA which began the evening of September 22 and lasted until September 26, 1906. An estimated 25 to 40 African-Americans were killed along with 2 confirmed European Americans. The main cause was the rising tension between whites and blacks as a result of competition for jobs, black desire for civil rights, Reconstruction, and the gubernatorial election of 1906.

Atlanta was considered to be a prime example of how whites and blacks could live together in harmony; however, with the end of the Civil War an increased tension between black wage-workers and the white elite began. These tensions were further exacerbated by increasing rights for blacks, which included the right to vote. With these increased rights, African-Americans began to enter in the realm of politics, began establishing businesses, and gaining notoriety as a social class. These newly acquired African-American rights brought increased competition between blacks and whites for jobs and heightened class distinctions.

These tensions came to a boil with the gubernatorial election of 1906 in which Hoke Smith and Clark Howell competed for the Democratic nomination. Both candidates were looking to find ways to disenfranchise black voters because they felt that the black vote could throw the election to the other candidate. Hoke Smith was a former publisher of the Atlanta Journal and Clark Howell was the editor of the Atlanta Constitution. Both candidates used their influence to incite white voters and help spread the fear that whites may not be able to maintain the current social order. These papers and others attacked saloons and bars that were run and frequented by black citizens. These "dives", as whites called them, were said to have nude pictures of women, some of whom were white. Competing for circulation, the Atlanta Georgian and the Atlanta News began publishing stories about white women being molested and raped by black men. These allegations were reported multiple times and were largely false accusations.

On September 22, 1906, Atlanta newspapers reported four alleged assaults on local white women. Soon, some 10,000 white men and boys began gathering on Decatur Street in the Five Points area downtown. The newspapers with their incendiary headlines were circulated, and the mob soon turned violent, running down, beating, stabbing.

It is estimated that there were between twenty-five to forty African American deaths. It was confirmed that there were only two European American deaths. Significant African American social changes were also an outcome of the riot. This included a disturbance of black housing and social patterns. In the years after the riot, African Americans were most likely to live in settled black communities. These communities were most likely found to the west of the city near Atlanta University or in eastern downtown. Black businesses were dispersed to the east, where a thriving black business district soon developed. Other outcomes included an increase in black suffrage in 1908.

[Trill Clinton]

In preparing for the penalty phase of an African-American defendant's trial, a white judge in Florida said in open court: "Since the n*gger mom and dad are here anyway, why don't we go ahead and do the penalty phase today instead of having to subpoena them back at cost to the state."

Anthony Peek was sentenced to death and the sentence was upheld by the Florida Supreme Court in 1986 reviewing his claim of racial bias.

[Trill Clinton]

Australian Aborigines were almost exterminated by the English colonizers. Today, they represent only 1% of the Australian population, roughly estimated at around 200,000 people. When Captain Cook arrived in 1770, there were about 300,000 of them. The Aborigines inhabited Australia for at least 25,000 years (this was proven by Carbon 14 on paintings left on rocks). At that time, Australia was probably connected with Papua-New Guinea, and had many more rivers and forests in contrast to the desert that it is today.

By 1965, the population of "Pure Aboriginals" was little more than 40,000 people. They were literally massacred by the colonizers and expelled from their land, especially from productive land. They were pushed to the North of the country, where temperatures reach 50 degree Celsius in very wet or extremely dry areas. The Aborigines are extremely spiritual people and by 1770 they were so primitive that they didn't know what metal was. Most instruments and artifacts were made from wood, rock or bones. The boomerang itself was primarily a toy used to entertain the villagers, only later being used as a hunting and war device.

By 1806, racism from colonizers and soldiers reached a very high point. Not only were sacred Aboriginal places violated and desecrated, the Aboriginals themselves became hunted like kangaroos for pleasure and fun, like trophy prizes. The soldiers used to visit Aboriginal villages offering gifts, while the real purpose of the visit was to contaminate the village water supply with arsenic. Whole communities including children, elderly, women and men were removed by arsenic poisoning. Rum, initially imported from England, was freely offered to Villagers. The introduction of rum made many villagers drunk for a whole week until death arrived from alcoholic comas. The English soldiers took advantage of this stage of alcoholism to create wars between friendly villages, leaving them to kill each other. It was a massacre.

[Trill Clinton]

The Stolen Generations (also Stolen children) is a term used to describe the children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent who were removed from their families by the Australian Federal and State government agencies and church missions, under acts of their respective parliaments. The removals occurred in the period between approximately 1869 and 1969, although in some places children were still being taken in the 1970s.

The extent of the removal of children, and the reasoning behind their removal, are contested. Documentary evidence, such as newspaper articles and reports to parliamentary committees, suggest a range of rationales. Motivations evident include child protection, beliefs that given their catastrophic population decline after white contact that black people would "die out", a fear of miscegenation by full blooded aboriginal people and a desire to attain white racial purity. Terms such as "stolen" were used in the context of taking children from their families � the Hon P. McGarry, a member of the Parliament of New South Wales, objected to the Aborigines Protection Amending Act 1915 which then enabled the Aborigines' Protection Board to remove Aboriginal children from their parents without having to establish that they were in any way neglected or mistreated; McGarry described the policy as "steal[ing] the child away from its parents". In 1924, in the Adelaide Sun an article stated "The word 'stole' may sound a bit far-fetched but by the time we have told the story of the heart-broken Aboriginal mother we are sure the word will not be considered out of place."

Indigenous Australians in most jurisdictions were "protected", effectively being wards of the State. The protection was done through each jurisdictions' Aboriginal Protection Board; in Victoria and Western Australia these boards were also responsible for applying what were known as Half-caste acts.

[Trill Clinton]

Bayard Rustin was most responsible for the famous March On Washington, MLK was just a speaker (I Have A Dream speech). His role was diminished because he was openly gay. He was also a champion for gay rights, he deserves a film about his life.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayard_Rustin (http://%20en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayard_Rustin)

[The Reckoning]

Hannibal! Ramses! Australopithecus!

[Trill Clinton]

Dr. Mark Dean

Computer Inventions

http://www.black-inventor.com/media/images/bio_dean.jpg
As a child, Mark Dean excelled in math. In elementary school, he took advanced level math courses and, in high school, Dean even built his own computer, radio, and amplifier. Dean continued his interests and went on to obtain a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Tennessee, a masters degree in electrical engineering from Florida Atlantic University and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford. He is one of the most prominent black inventors in the field of computers.
Dr. Mark Dean started working at IBM in 1980 and was instrumental in the invention of the Personal Computer (PC). He holds three of IBM's original nine PC patents and currently holds more than 20 total patents. The famous African-American inventor never thought the work he was doing would end up being so useful to the world, but he has helped IBM make instrumental changes in areas ranging from the research and application of systems technology circuits to operating environments. One of his most recent computer inventions occurred while leading the team that produced the 1-Gigahertz chip, which contains one million transistors and has nearly limitless potential.

http://www.black-inventor.com/Dr-Mark-Dean.asp (http://www.black-inventor.com/Dr-Mark-Dean.asp)

[clambake]

wwII vet medgar evers.

[redzero]

tl;dr

[Trill Clinton]

I have pics to go with some of the articles but they're too big and since I'm at work I can't resize them.

1778 - The Nine Year Old African Prodigy
The talented 9 year old African violin prodigy George Polgreen Bridgetower was born in 1778, and died in London on February 29 1860. His father was an African prince who married a white European woman, named in English documents as Mary Ann Bridgetower. They had two sons who both became fine musicians - George's younger brother Fredrick was a cellist.
George played in the Prince's band at the Royal Pavilion, Brighton for 14 years. He is best remembered today for his association with Ludwig van Beethoven, who met the 23 year old Bridgetower and the two got along famously. The composer praised him as "a very capable virtuoso who has a complete command of his instrument". Beethoven wrote a new piece - the Kreutzer Sonata - for the Afro-European violinist. Beethoven's autographed copy of the Sonata for violin and piano bears the inscription 'Sonata mulattica composta per il mullato'.
Young George appeared at a concert in Bath in the presence of King George III and 550 guests. The Bath Morning Post of December 8, 1789 gave this report:
"The young African Prince, whose musical talents have been so much celebrated, had a more crowded and splendid concert on Sunday morning than has ever been known in this place. There were upwards of 550 persons present, and they were gratified by such skills on the violin as created general astonishment, as well as pleasure from the boy wonder. The father was in the gallery, and so affected by the applause bestowed on his son, that tears of pleasure and gratitude flowed in profusion".
The Bath Chronicle of December 3, 1789 reported: "The amateurs of music in this city received on Saturday last at the New Rooms the highest treat imaginable from the exquisite performance of Master Bridgetower, whose taste and execution on the violin is equal, perhaps superior, to the best professor of the present or any former day. Those who had that happiness were enraptured with the astonishing abilities of this wonderful child - for he is but ten years old. He is a mulatto, the grandson, it is said, of in African Prince".
A letter from Beethoven to Bridgetower and a miniature of Bridgetower fetched $3,600 at Christie's, London 1973.

[The Reckoning]

i thought redzero was black?

[Trill Clinton]

Before there was Rosa Parks in the US, there was Viola Desmond in Nova Scotia
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_fPoWZ33QqG4/S8dCYiqiBbI/AAAAAAAAGhw/hY6Q4XQumRg/s1600/Viola+Desmond+2.jpg

Viola Davis Desmond (July 6, 1914 in Halifax (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Halifax), Nova Scotia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia), Canada (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada)�1965 in New York) was an African-Nova Scotian (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Canadians) who ran her own beauty parlour (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty_parlour) and beauty college (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beauty_college&action=edit&redlink=1) in Halifax. Desmond's story was one of the most publicized incidents of racial discrimination in Nova Scotian and Canadian history.
On November 8 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_8), 1946 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946), Viola Desmond refused to sit in the balcony (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcony) designated exclusively for blacks in the Roseland Theatre in New Glasgow (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Glasgow,_Nova_Scotia) but, instead, she took her seat on the ground floor (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_floor) where only white people were allowed to sit. After being forcibly removed from the theatre and arrested (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrested), Desmond was eventually found guilty of not paying the one-cent difference in tax on the balcony ticket from the main floor theatre ticket. She was fined (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_%28penalty%29) $20 ($251.30 in 2010[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_Desmond#cite_note-0)) and court costs ($6). She paid the fine but decided to fight the charge (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_charge) in court.
During subsequent trials the government insisted on arguing that this was a case of tax evasion (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_evasion). Retail sales tax (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales_tax) was calculated based on the price of the theatre ticket. Since the theatre would only agree to sell the Black woman a cheaper balcony ticket, but she had insisted upon sitting in the more expensive main floor seat, she was one cent short on tax. For her crime of so-called tax evasion, she was removed from the theatre, thrown in jail overnight, tried without counsel (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counsel), convicted and fined. During the trial, no one admitted that Viola Desmond was Black, and that the theatre maintained a racist seating policy. The trial proceeded as if it related to race-neutral tax evasion. All efforts to have the conviction overturned at higher levels of court failed. Her lawyer returned her fee which she used to set up a fund that was eventually used to support activities of the Nova Scotia Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia_Association_for_the_Ad vancement_of_Coloured_People&action=edit&redlink=1) (NSAACP).
After the trial, Desmond closed her business and moved to Montreal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal) where she enrolled in a business college (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_college). She eventually settled in New York (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York) where she died at the age of 51.
While the case received little attention outside of Nova Scotia, it has since gained notoriety as one of many cases fought for civil rights (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights) in the mid-20th century.
On 14 April 2010, the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia), Mayann Francis (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayann_Francis), on the advice of her premier (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_Nova_Scotia), invoked the Royal Prerogative (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Prerogative) and granted Desmond a posthumous (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posthumous) pardon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon),[2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_Desmond#cite_note-1) the first such to be granted in Canada.[3] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_Desmond#cite_note-2) The government of Nova Scotia also apologised.[4] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_Desmond#cite_note-3)

[Trill Clinton]

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Marie_Terese31.jpg (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Marie_Terese31.jpg)


Marie Therese of Spain was married to King Louis the 14th and became Queen of France.

She was gifted by the African king of Arda a dwarf who was described as being incredibly dark and short and did tricks and acrobats. The queen took a liking to his antics as he would sometimes hold her train as she walked. This became so popular that many aristocratic women during that time "adopted" these dwarfs like pets.

The Queen became pregnant and wrote of feeling differently during this pregnancy and even commented on how her little page was eating differently (I guess today we would call these cravings).

She gave birth to a child and according to the memoirs of a supposed witness, the baby girl was dark as tar but beautiful. The witness were astonished and it was decided they would baptise the girl and send her away.

She is known as Louise Marie Therese. Now the Wikipedia reference is dismissing this as untrue but why on earth would she have the first name of King Louis and the rest of her name is the Queen's name?

Anyway, she is known as the Black Nun of Moret

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Louise_Marie_Therese.jpg (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Louise_Marie_Therese.jpg)

[resistanze]

Before there was Rosa Parks in the US, there was Viola Desmond in Nova Scotia
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_fPoWZ33QqG4/S8dCYiqiBbI/AAAAAAAAGhw/hY6Q4XQumRg/s1600/Viola+Desmond+2.jpg

Viola Davis Desmond (July 6, 1914 in Halifax (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Halifax), Nova Scotia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia), Canada (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada)�1965 in New York) was an African-Nova Scotian (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Canadians) who ran her own beauty parlour (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty_parlour) and beauty college (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beauty_college&action=edit&redlink=1) in Halifax. Desmond's story was one of the most publicized incidents of racial discrimination in Nova Scotian and Canadian history.
On November 8 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_8), 1946 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946), Viola Desmond refused to sit in the balcony (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcony) designated exclusively for blacks in the Roseland Theatre in New Glasgow (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Glasgow,_Nova_Scotia) but, instead, she took her seat on the ground floor (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_floor) where only white people were allowed to sit. After being forcibly removed from the theatre and arrested (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrested), Desmond was eventually found guilty of not paying the one-cent difference in tax on the balcony ticket from the main floor theatre ticket. She was fined (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_%28penalty%29) $20 ($251.30 in 2010[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_Desmond#cite_note-0)) and court costs ($6). She paid the fine but decided to fight the charge (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_charge) in court.
During subsequent trials the government insisted on arguing that this was a case of tax evasion (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_evasion). Retail sales tax (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales_tax) was calculated based on the price of the theatre ticket. Since the theatre would only agree to sell the Black woman a cheaper balcony ticket, but she had insisted upon sitting in the more expensive main floor seat, she was one cent short on tax. For her crime of so-called tax evasion, she was removed from the theatre, thrown in jail overnight, tried without counsel (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counsel), convicted and fined. During the trial, no one admitted that Viola Desmond was Black, and that the theatre maintained a racist seating policy. The trial proceeded as if it related to race-neutral tax evasion. All efforts to have the conviction overturned at higher levels of court failed. Her lawyer returned her fee which she used to set up a fund that was eventually used to support activities of the Nova Scotia Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia_Association_for_the_Ad vancement_of_Coloured_People&action=edit&redlink=1) (NSAACP).
After the trial, Desmond closed her business and moved to Montreal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal) where she enrolled in a business college (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_college). She eventually settled in New York (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York) where she died at the age of 51.
While the case received little attention outside of Nova Scotia, it has since gained notoriety as one of many cases fought for civil rights (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights) in the mid-20th century.
On 14 April 2010, the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia), Mayann Francis (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayann_Francis), on the advice of her premier (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_Nova_Scotia), invoked the Royal Prerogative (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Prerogative) and granted Desmond a posthumous (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posthumous) pardon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon),[2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_Desmond#cite_note-1) the first such to be granted in Canada.[3] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_Desmond#cite_note-2) The government of Nova Scotia also apologised.[4] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_Desmond#cite_note-3)
Had a piece on the radio on my way to work about this. Very Interesting, tbh.

[clambake]

how about "james earl ray marksmanship appreciation day"

[Trill Clinton]

Had a piece on the radio on my way to work about this. Very Interesting, tbh.

Indeed. Didn't hear about it until last year this time myself. Isn't it ironic the cool thing to do is to sit at the back of the bus now?:lol

[Trill Clinton]

In 2004, the Army named its first ship after an African-American. That man was Robert Smalls. Smalls was born to a slave mother and a white father in Beaufort, S.C. As a young man, Smalls held several jobs in Charleston, S.C., and finally began working at the docks. He eventually learned to be a seaman, and then how to pilot a ship. In 1861, Smalls was hired as a deckhand on the USS Planter, the transport steamer serving Brigadier General Roswell Ripley, commander of the Second Military District of South Carolina. The USS Planter served the Confederacy as an armed dispatch and transport boat. Soon after Smalls was hired he became the ship's pilot.
On May 12, 1862, the Planter's three white officers spent the night ashore. It was at that time that Smalls enacted a plan that he had been working out for some time. The plan was to take the Planter, pick up his family and some of the other black crew men's families and head towards the Union Army's blockade in the North. By the morning of May 13 Smalls had already picked up his family and the others and was already heading North.
He piloted the ship past the five Confederate forts which guarded the Charleston harbor, including Fort Sumter. When Smalls reached the Union blockade, he turned the ship over to United States Navy, along with all of the artillery and explosives on board.
Smalls began working for the United States Navy and became a hero in the North. Congress passed a bill, signed by President Abraham Lincoln, rewarding Smalls and his crewmen with the prize money for the captured ship. Smalls' share was $1,500 (what would be nearly $40,000 today).
Smalls was also sent to Washington, DC to persuade President Lincoln to permit black men to fight for the Union. He was successful. 5,000 African-American men were allowed to enlist in the Union forces at Port Royal as the 1st South Carolina Volunteers.
Smalls was taught to read and write by tutors and after the war he became a major general in the South Carolina militia and a state legislator. He participated in drafting the constitution of the state in which he had been a slave. He was the most powerful black man in South Carolina for five decades.
Robert Smalls served five terms as a U.S. Congressman during Reconstruction. For nearly 20 years he served as U.S. Collector of Customs in Beaufort, S.C. where he bought the house in which he had been kept as a slave.
(Source: Robert Smalls.org: http://www.robertsmalls.org/about.htm;

[Trill Clinton]

EMMETT TILL STORY
http://www.emmetttillmurder.com/Emmett-&-Mamie-1954.jpg

While visiting family in Money, Mississippi (http://www.history.com/topics/mississippi), 14-year-old Emmett Till (http://www.history.com/topics/emmett-till), an African American from Chicago (http://www.history.com/topics/chicago), is brutally murdered for flirting with a white woman four days earlier. His assailants--the white woman's husband and her brother--made Emmett carry a 75-pound cotton (http://www.history.com/topics/cotton)-gin fan to the bank of the Tallahatchie River and ordered him to take off his clothes. The two men then beat him nearly to death, gouged out his eye, shot him in the head, and then threw his body, tied to the cotton-gin fan with barbed wire, into the river.

Till grew up in a working-class neighborhood on the south side of Chicago, and though he had attended a segregated elementary school, he was not prepared for the level of segregation he encountered in Mississippi. His mother warned him to take care because of his race, but Emmett enjoyed pulling pranks. On August 24, while standing with his cousins and some friends outside a country store in Money, Emmett bragged that his girlfriend back home was white. Emmett's African American companions, disbelieving him, dared Emmett to ask the white woman sitting behind the store counter for a date. He went in, bought some candy, and on the way out was heard saying, "Bye, baby" to the woman. There were no witnesses in the store, but Carolyn Bryant--the woman behind the counter--claimed that he grabbed her, made lewd advances, and then wolf-whistled at her as he sauntered out.

Roy Bryant, the proprietor of the store and the woman's husband, returned from a business trip a few days later and found out how Emmett had spoken to his wife. Enraged, he went to the home of Till's great uncle, Mose Wright, with his brother-in-law J.W. Milam in the early morning hours of August 28. The pair demanded to see the boy. Despite pleas from Wright, they forced Emmett into their car. After driving around in the Memphis night, and perhaps beating Till in a toolhouse behind Milam's residence, they drove him down to the Tallahatchie River.

Three days later, his corpse was recovered but was so disfigured that Mose Wright could only identify it by an initialed ring. Authorities wanted to bury the body quickly, but Till's mother, Mamie Bradley, requested it be sent back to Chicago. After seeing the mutilated remains, she decided to have an open-casket funeral so that all the world could see what racist murderers had done to her only son. Jet, an African American weekly magazine, published a photo of Emmett's corpse, and soon the mainstream media picked up on the story.

Less than two weeks after Emmett's body was buried, Milam and Bryant went on trial in a segregated courthouse in Sumner, Mississippi. There were few witnesses besides Mose Wright, who positively identified the defendants as Emmett's killers. On September 23, the all-white jury deliberated for less than an hour before issuing a verdict of "not guilty," explaining that they believed the state had failed to prove the identity of the body. Many people around the country were outraged by the decision and also by the state's decision not to indict Milam and Bryant on the separate charge of kidnapping.

The Emmett Till murder trial brought to light the brutality of Jim Crow segregation in the South and was an early impetus of the African American civil rights (http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-rights) movement.


PICS OF HIS OPEN CASKET-NSFW
http://hiphopwired.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/emmett-till-pbs.jpg

[Trill Clinton]

NBA RELATED BLACK HISTORY

Contrary to the current demographics of the National Basketball Association, when the league first started in 1946, all the players were white. The first African-Americans didn't play for the NBA until the 1950 season.
Chuck Cooper from Duquesne University was the first black player to be drafted. Nathaniel "Sweetwater" Clifton was the first to sign a contract, and Earl Lloyd was the first to play in an NBA game.

But before 1950, African-Americans did play professional basketball. Like baseball, black players had their own teams. The first was the Spartan Braves of Brooklyn, which became the New York Renaissance, or Rens, in 1923. They played most of their games against black colleges in the South. In 1932 the Rens played and won their first professional world championship against the original Boston Celtics.

In 1927 the Harlem Globetrotters were formed. By 1940 the Globetrotters were considered better than the Rens, but they both suffered from the fact that there was no black league. The team took another big hit, losing all of their best players, when the NBA integrated. After that, they switched to playing as an entertainment team.

Although the first African-American did not play in the NBA until 1950, the NBA color barrier was broken in the 1947-48 season when Wataru Misaka, a Japanese-American played with the New York Knicks.

[Trill Clinton]

If you're a fan of 2Pac, you've heard him mention his aunt, Assata Shakur...

Assata Olugbala Shakur (born July 16, 1947 as JoAnne Deborah Byron, married name Chesimard is an African-American activist and escaped convict who was a member of the Black Panther Party (BPP) and Black Liberation Army (BLA). Between 1971 and 1973, Shakur was accused of several crimes, of which she would never be charged, and made the subject of a multi-state manhunt.

In May 1973, Shakur was involved in a shootout on the New Jersey Turnpike, during which New Jersey State Trooper Werner Foerster and BLA member Zayd Malik Shakur were killed and Shakur and Trooper James Harper were wounded. Between 1973 and 1977, Shakur was indicted in relation to six other alleged criminal incidents�charged with murder, attempted murder, armed robbery, bank robbery, and kidnapping�resulting in three acquittals and three dismissals. In 1977, she was convicted of the first-degree murder of Foerster and of seven other felonies related to the shootout.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/ff/Assatamugshot.jpg (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/ff/Assatamugshot.jpg)

Shakur was then incarcerated in several prisons, where her treatment drew criticism from some human rights groups. She escaped from prison in 1979 and has been living in Cuba in political asylum since 1984. Since May 2, 2005, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has classified her as a "domestic terrorist" and offered a $1 million reward for assistance in her capture. Attempts to extradite her have resulted in letters to the Pope and a Congressional resolution. Shakur is the step-aunt of the deceased hip hop artist Tupac Shakur (the sister of his stepfather, Mutulu Shakur). Her life has been portrayed in literature, film, and song.


http://www.state.nj.us/njsp/want/images/chesimard_2.jpg
Ms. Shakur in recent day.

[Trill Clinton]

THE LAST MASS LYNCHING OCCURED IN 1946 - GEORGIA

On July 25, 1946, two young African American married couples were shot and killed near the Moore's Ford Bridge spanning the Appalachee River, 60 miles (97 km) east of Atlanta. George W. Dorsey (born November 1917) a veteran of World War II, had been back in the United States less than nine months after serving nearly five years in the Pacific War. He was with his wife Mae Murray Dorsey (born September 20, 1922), Roger Malcolm (born March 22, 1922) and his wife Dorothy Malcolm (born July 25, 1926).

They were accosted by a mob of white men as they headed to their home.
J. Loy Harrison, a Caucasian man, employed the two young couples as sharecroppers on his farm. Malcolm had been jailed for having stabbed Barnette Hester, a Caucasian man, eleven days prior. Harrison drove Dorothy Malcolm and the Dorseys to Monroe and personally posted the $600 bail for Roger Malcolm to be freed on bail. Malcolm's victim was still hospitalized. As Harrison drove the two couples from the jail back to the farm, at 5:30 p.m. the car was stopped at the bridge by an armed gang numbering between fifteen and twenty people.

According to Loy Harrison:
"A big man who was dressed mighty proud in a double-breasted brown suit was giving the orders. He pointed to Roger and said, 'We want that Brotha Man.' Then he pointed to George Dorsey, my Brotha Man, and said, 'We want you, too, Charlie.' I said, 'His name ain't Charlie, he's George.' Someone said 'Keep your damned big mouth shut. This ain't your party.'"
Silently Harrison watched. One of the women identified an assailant, and the mob took the women to a big oak tree and tied them beside their husbands. The mob fired three point-blank volleys. The coroner's estimate counted sixty shots fired at close range,

The killings captured national attention and outrage. President Harry Truman created the President's Commission on Civil Rights. His administration introduced anti-lynching legislation in Congress, but was unable to get it passed against the opposition of the southern Democratic bloc; nonetheless, new energy flowed to the African-American Civil Rights Movement. Georgia Governor Ellis Arnall offered a reward of $10,000 for information, to no avail. After the FBI interviewed nearly 3000 people in their six-month investigation, they issued 100 subpoenas. The investigation received little cooperation, no one confessed, and perpetrators were offered alibis for their whereabouts.

No one was indicted for the crime and the FBI found little physical evidence.No one was brought to trial for the crime.

[Trill Clinton]

http://img.timeinc.net/time/2007/blackhistmth/images/emeagwali.jpg

P H I L I P E M E A G W A L I
A C a l c u l a t i n g M o v e
It's hard to say who invented the Internet. There were many mathematicians and scientists who contributed to its development; computers were sending signals to each other as early as the 1950s. But the Web owes much of its existence to Philip Emeagwali, a math whiz who came up with the formula for allowing a large number of computers to communicate at once.
Emeagwali was born to a poor family in Akure, Nigeria, in 1954. Despite his brain for math, he had to drop out of school because his family, who had become war refugees, could no longer afford to send him. As a young man, he earned a general education certificate from the University of London and later degrees from George Washington University and the University of Maryland, as well as a doctoral fellowship from the University of Michigan.
At Michigan, he participated in the scientific community's debate on how to simulate the detection of oil reservoirs using a supercomputer. Growing up in an oil-rich nation and understanding how oil is drilled, Emeagwali decided to use this problem as the subject of his doctoral dissertation. Borrowing an idea from a science fiction story about predicting the weather, Emeagwali decided that rather than using 8 expensive supercomputers he would employ thousands of microprocessors to do the computation.
The only step left was to find 8 machines and connect them. (Remember, it was the 80s.) Through research, he found a machine called the Connection Machine at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, which had sat unused after scientists had given up on figuring out how to make it simulate nuclear explosions. The machine was designed to run 65,536 interconnected microprocessors. In 1987, he applied for and was given permission to use the machine, and remotely from his Ann Arbor, Michigan, location he set the parameters and ran his program. In addition to correctly computing the amount of oil in the simulated reservoir, the machine was able to perform 3.1 billion calculations per second.
The crux of the discovery was that Emeagwali had programmed each of the microprocessors to talk to six neighboring microprocessors at the same time.



The success of this record-breaking experiment meant that there was now a practical and inexpensive way to use machines like this to speak to each other all over the world. Within a few years, the oil industry had seized upon this idea, then called the Hyperball International Network creating a virtual world wide web of ultrafast digital communication.

The discovery earned him the Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers' Gordon Bell Prize in 1989, considered the Nobel Prize of computing, and he was later hailed as one of the fathers of the Internet. Since then, he has won more than 100 prizes for his work and Apple computer has used his microprocessor technology in their Power Mac G4 model. Today he lives in Washington with his wife and son.
"The Internet as we know it today did not cross my mind," Emeagwali told TIME. "I was hypothesizing a planetary-sized supercomputer and, broadly speaking, my focus was on how the present creates the future and how our image of the future inspires the present."
http://www.time.com/time/2007/blackhistmth/bios/04.html (http://www.time.com/time/2007/blackhistmth/bios/04.html)

[Trill Clinton]

Thanks to this guy, we have cell phones

Henry Thomas Sampson - 1934 Inventor of the Gamma-Electric Cell

On July 6th, 1971, Henry T. Sampson invented the "gamma-electric cell", which pertains to Nuclear Reactor use. According to Dr. Sampson, the Gamma Electric Cell, patented July 6, 1971, Patent No. 3,591,860 produces stable high-voltage output and current to detect radiation in the ground.
Born in Jackson, Mississippi, he received a Bachelor of Science degree from Purdue University in 1956. He went on to the University of California, Los Angeles where he graduated with an MS degree in engineering in 1961; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, MS in Nuclear Engineering in 1965, and a PHD in 1967.
Mobile Communications took a big step forward in 1983 with the invention of the Cellular System regulating the portable telephones, which use radio waves to transmit and receive audio signals. Before this time, mobile telephone service in the United States, consisting mainly of car phones, was extremely limited because metropolitan areas had only one antenna for these purposes. In addition, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assigned only 12 to 24 frequencies to each area, which meant that only that many calls could occur at a time. These limitations often meant a wait of up to 30 minutes for a dial tone and a five to 10 year waiting list just to acquire the service. With the invention of cellular phone service in 1983, personal communications no longer depended on wires. In the 1990s it would become possible to connect to the Internet from virtually anywhere in the world using a portable computer and a cellular modem with satellite service. Technologies that developed from different fields, such as personal communications, computation, and space exploration often worked together to serve the constantly evolving human needs of the information age.
Henry T. Sampson worked as a research Chemical Engineer at the US Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, California. 1956-61. Henry T. Sampson then moved on to the Aerospace Corp, El Segundo, California. His titles include: Project Engineer, 1967-81, director of Planning and Operations Directorate of Space Test Program, 1981-, and Co-inventor of gamma-electric cell.
He holds patents related to solid rocket motors and conversion of nuclear energy into electricity. He also pioneered a study of internal ballistics of solid rocket motors using high-speed photography.
He was also a producer of documentary films on early black filmmakers and films, a member of the board of directors of Los Angeles Southwest College Foundation, and a technical consultant to Historical Black Colleges and Universities Program.
Sampson's Awards and Honors:
Fellow of US Navy, 1962-1964
Atomic Energy Commission, 1964-1967
Black Image Award from Aerospace Corp, 1982
Blacks in Engineering, Applied Science, and Education Award, Los Angeles Council of Black Professional Engineers, 1983

[CubanSucks]

SHUT THE FUCK UP!!!!!!!!!!!i!!!

[Dark Gable]

Nice thread.

[Trill Clinton]

SHUT THE FUCK UP!!!!!!!!!!!i!!!


If you don't have anything productive to add to the thread, please refrain from posting. Thank you.

[Trill Clinton]

The Brown Paper Bag Test

The antebellum Blue Vein Society of New Orleans, the late 1700s Brown Fellowship Soiciety of Charleston, a similar Club in Reconstruction era Nashville, and Jack and Jill of America in the 1950s all had brown paper bag rules. Specifically, according to historians who have studied these organizations, you would be admitted only if your skin tone was lighter than kraft paper.

In his 1996 book The Future of the Race, Henry Louis Gates Jr., chairman of the Afro-American studies department at Harvard, described his encounter with the brown paper bag when he came to Yale in the late 1960s, when skin-tone bias was brazenly practiced: "Some of the brothers who came from New Orleans held a "bag party.' As a classmate explained it to me, a bag party was a New Orleans custom wherein a brown paper bag was stuck on the door.

[Trill Clinton]

The Willie Lynch Letter





GENTLEMAN:
I greet you here on the bank of the James River in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and twelve. First I shall thank you, the Gentlemen of the Colony of Virginia, for bringing me here. I am here to help you solve some of your problems with slaves. Your invitation reached me on my modest plantation in the West Indies where I have experimented with some of the newest and still the oldest methods for control of slaves. Ancient Rome would envy us if my program is implemented. As our boat sailed south on the James River, named for our illustrious King James, whose bible we cherish, I saw enough to know that your program is not unique. While Rome used cords of wood as crosses for standing human bodies along the old highways in great numbers, you are here using the tree and the rope on occasion.
I caught the whiff of a dead slave hanging from a tree a couple of miles back. You are not only losing valuable stock by hangings, you are having uprisings, slaves are running away, your crops are sometimes left in the fields too long for maximum profit, you suffer occasional fires, your animals are killed, gentlemen...you know what your problems are; I do not need to elaborate. I am not here to enumerate your problems, I am here to introduce you to a method of solving them.
In my bag here, I have a fool-proof method for controlling your black slaves. I guarantee everyone of you that if installed correctly it will control the slaves for at least 300 years. My method is simple, any member of your family or any overseer can use it.
I have outlined a number of differences among the slaves, and I take these differences and make them bigger. I use fear, distrust, and envy for control purposes. These methods have worked on my modest plantation in the West Indies, and it will work throughout the South. Take this simple little test of differences and think about them. On the top of my list is "Age", but it is there because it only starts with an "A"; the second is "Color" or shade; there is intelligence, size, sex, size of plantations, attitude of owners, whether the slaves live in the valley, on a hill, East, West, North, South, have fine or coarse hair, or is tall or short. Now that you have a list of differences, I shall give you an outline of action--but before that, I shall assure you that distrust is stronger than trust, and envy is stronger than adulation, respect, or admiration.
The Black Slave, after receiving this indoctrination, shall carry on and will become self refueling and self generating for hundreds of years, maybe thousands.
Don't forget, you must pitch the old Black vs. the young Black male, and the young Black male against the old Black male. You must use the dark skinned slaves vs the light skinned slaves, and the light skinned slaves vs. the dark skinned slaves. You must use the female vs. the male, and the male vs. the female. You must also have your servants and overseers distrust all Blacks, but it is necessary that your slaves trust and depend on us. They must love, respect, and trust only us.
Gentlemen, these kits are your keys to control, use them. Have your wives and children use them. Never miss opportunity. My plan is guaranteed, and the good thing about this plan is that if used intensely for one year, the slaves themselves will remain perpetually distrustful.

[dirk4mvp]

James Merideth was just a nigga trynna go to school.

[Trill Clinton]

BLACK WALLSTREET:

I'm surprised that a lot of people don't know of Black Wallstreet:

African-American History in Oklahoma as told to Ronald E. Childs. If anyone truly believes that the last April attack on the federal building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, was the most tragic bombing ever to take place on United States soil, as the media has been widely reporting, they're wrong-plain and simple. That's because an even deadlier bomb occurred in that same state nearly 75 years ago.

Many people in high places would like to forget that it ever happened. Searching under the heading of "riots," "Oklahoma" and "Tulsa" in current editions of the World Book Encyclopedia, there is conspicuously no mention whatsoever of the Tulsa race riot of 1921, and this omission is by no means a surprise, or a rare case. The fact is, one would also be hard-pressed to find documentation of the incident, let alone an accurate accounting of it, in any other "scholarly" reference or American history book.

That's precisely the point that noted author, publisher and orator Ron Wallace, a Tulsa native, sought to make nearly five years ago when he began researching this riot, one of the worst incidents of violence ever visited upon people of African descent. Ultimately joined on the project by colleague Jay Jay Wilson of Los Angeles, the duo found and compiled indisputable evidence of what they now describe as "A Black Holocaust in America."

The date was June 1, 1921, when "Black Wallstreet," the name fittingly given to one of the most affluent all-black communities in America, was bombed from the air and burned to the ground by mobs of envious whites. In a period spanning fewer than 12 hours, a once thriving 36-black business district in northern Tulsa lay smoldering-A model community destroyed, and a major Africa-American economic movement resoundingly defused.

The night's carnage left some 3,000 African Americans dead, and over 600 successful businesses lost. Among these were 21 churches, 21 restaurants, 30 grocery stores and two movie theaters, plus a hospital, a bank, a post office, libraries, schools, law offices, a half-dozen private airplanes and even a bus system. As could be expected, the impetus behind it all was the infamous Ku Klux Klan, working in consort with ranking city officials, and many other sympathizers. In their self-published book, Black Wallstreet: A lost Dream, and its companion video documentary, Black Wallstreet: A Black Holocaust in America!, the authors have chronicled for the very first time in the words of area historians and elderly survivors what really happened there on that fateful summer day in 1921 and why it happened. Wallace similarly explained to Black Elegance why this bloody event from the turn of the century seems to have had a recurring effect that is being felt in predominately Black neighborhoods even to this day. The best description of Black Wallstreet, or Little Africa as it was also known, would be to liken it to a mini-Beverly Hills. It was the golden door of the Black community during the early 1900s, and it proved that African Americans had successful infrastructure. That's what Black Wallstreet was about.

The dollar circulated 36 to 1000 times, sometimes taking a year for currency to leave the community. Now in 1995, a dollar leaves the Black community in 15 minutes. As far as resources, there were Ph.D's residing in Little Africa, Black attorneys and doctors. One doctor was Dr. Berry who also owned the bus system. His average income was $500 a day, a hefty pocket of change in 1910. During that era, physicians owned medical schools. There were also pawn shops everywhere, brothels, jewelry stores, 21 churches, 21 restaurants and two movie theaters. It was a time when the entire state of Oklahoma had only two airports, yet six blacks owned their own planes. It was a very fascinating community. The area encompassed over 600 businesses and 36 square blocks with a population of 15,000 African Americans. And when the lower-economic Europeans looked over and saw what the Black community created, many of them were jealous. When the average student went to school on Black Wallstreet, he wore a suit and tie because of the morals and respect they were taught at a young age.

The mainstay of the community was to educate every child. Nepotism was the one word they believed in. And that's what we need to get back to in 1995. The main thoroughfare was Greenwood Avenue, and it was intersected by Archer and Pine Streets. From the first letters in each of those names, you get G.A.P., and that's where the renowned R&B music group The GAP Band got its name. They're from Tulsa. Black Wallstreet was a prime example of the typical Black community in America that did business, but it was in an unusual location. You see, at the time, Oklahoma was set aside to be a Black and Indian state. There were over 28 Black townships there. One third of the people who traveled in the terrifying "Trail of Tears" along side the Indians between 1830 to 1842 were Black people. The citizens of this proposed Indian and Black state chose a Black governor, a treasurer from Kansas named McDade. But the Ku Klux Klan said that if he assumed office that they would kill him within 48 hours. A lot of Blacks owned farmland, and many of them had gone into the oil business. The community was so tight and wealthy because they traded dollars hand-to-hand, and because they were dependent upon one another as a result of the Jim Crow laws.

It was not unusual that if a resident's home accidentally burned down, it could be rebuilt within a few weeks by neighbors. This was the type of scenario that was going on day-to-day on Black Wallstreet. When Blacks intermarried into the Indian culture, some of them received their promised '40 acres and a Mule,' and with that came whatever oil was later found on the properties.

Just to show you how wealthy a lot of Black people were, there was a banker in a neighboring town who had a wife named California Taylor. Her father owned the largest cotton gin west of the Mississippi [River]. When California shopped, she would take a cruise to Paris every three months to have her clothes made. There was also a man named Mason in nearby Wagner County who had the largest potato farm west of the Mississippi. When he harvested, he would fill 100 boxcars a day. Another brother not far away had the same thing with a spinach farm. The typical family then was five children or more, though the typical farm family would have 10 kids or more who made up the nucleus of the labor.

On Black Wallstreet, a lot of global business was conducted. The community flourished from the early 1900s until June 1, 1921. That's when the largest massacre of non-military Americans in the history of this country took place, and it was lead by the Ku Klux Klan. Imagine walking out of your front door and seeing 1,500 homes being burned. It must have been amazing.

Survivors we interviewed think that the whole thing was planned because during the time that all of this was going on, white families with their children stood around on the borders of the community and watched the massacre, the looting and everything---much in the same manner they would watch a lynching.

In my lectures I ask people if they understand where the word "picnic" comes from. It was typical to have a picnic on a Friday evening in Oklahoma. The word was short for "pick a Brotha Man" to lynch. They would lynch a Black male and cut off body parts as souvenirs. This went on every weekend in this country. That's where the term really came from. The riots weren't caused by anything Black or white. It was caused by jealousy. A lot of white folks had come back from World War I and they were poor. When they looked over into the Black communities and realized that Black men who fought in the war had come home heroes that helped trigger the destruction. It cost the Black community everything, and not a single dime of restitution---no insurance claims-has been awarded to the victims to this day.

Nonetheless, they rebuilt. We estimate that 1,500 to 3,000 people were killed, and we know that a lot of them were buried in mass graves all around the city. Some were thrown in the river. As a matter of fact, at 21st Street and Yale Avenue, where there now stands a Sears parking lot, that corner used to be a coal mine. They threw a lot of the bodies into the shafts. Black Americans don't know about this story because we don't apply the word holocaust to our struggle. Jewish people use the word holocaust all the time. White people use the word holocaust. It's politically correct to use it. But when we Black folks use the word, people think we're being cry babies or that we're trying to bring up old issues. No one comes to our support. In 1910, our forefathers and mothers owned 13 million acres of land at the height of racism in this country, so the Black Wallstreet book and videotape prove to the naysayers and revisionists that we had our act together. Our mandate now is to begin to teach our children about our own, ongoing Black holocaust. They have to know when they look at our communities today that we don't come from this.

[Trill Clinton]

ANGELA DAVIS:hat

Angela Davis, radical black activist and philosopher, was arrested as a suspected conspirator in the abortive attempt to free George Jackson from a courtroom in Marin County, California, August 7, 1970. The guns used were registered in her name. Angela Davis was eventually acquitted of all charges, but was briefly on the FBI's most-wanted list as she fled from arrest.

Angela Davis is often associated with the Black Panthers and with the black power politics of the late 1960s and early 1970s. She joined the Communist Party when Martin Luther King was assassinated in 1968. She was active with SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) before the Black Panthers. Angela Davis ran for U.S. Vice President on the Communist Party ticket in 1980.


Angela Davis has been an activist and writer promoting women's rights and racial justice while pursuing her career as a philosopher and teacher at the University of Santa Cruz and San Francisco University -- she achieved tenure at the University of California at Santa Cruz though former governer Ronald Reagan swore she would never teach again in the University of California system

[Trill Clinton]

http://www.ferris.edu/htmls/news/jimcrow/collect/bait.jpg
















The caption underneath says "n*gger bait" smh

[Creepn]

Dr. Mark Dean

Computer Inventions

http://www.black-inventor.com/media/images/bio_dean.jpg
As a child, Mark Dean excelled in math. In elementary school, he took advanced level math courses and, in high school, Dean even built his own computer, radio, and amplifier. Dean continued his interests and went on to obtain a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Tennessee, a masters degree in electrical engineering from Florida Atlantic University and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford. He is one of the most prominent black inventors in the field of computers.
Dr. Mark Dean started working at IBM in 1980 and was instrumental in the invention of the Personal Computer (PC). He holds three of IBM's original nine PC patents and currently holds more than 20 total patents. The famous African-American inventor never thought the work he was doing would end up being so useful to the world, but he has helped IBM make instrumental changes in areas ranging from the research and application of systems technology circuits to operating environments. One of his most recent computer inventions occurred while leading the team that produced the 1-Gigahertz chip, which contains one million transistors and has nearly limitless potential.

http://www.black-inventor.com/Dr-Mark-Dean.asp (http://www.black-inventor.com/Dr-Mark-Dean.asp)

Yup, that's what I try to tell these people. White people are quick to claim that they are the sole inventors of historical things when it was a collaboration of other races too. Black people had a hand in building the first space shuttle to the moon as well.

[cantthinkofanything]

Yup, that's what I try to tell these people. White people are quick to claim that they are the sole inventors of historical things when it was a collaboration of other races too. Black people had a hand in building the first space shuttle to the moon as well.

Right. I think both the USA and the Russians sent black people into space before any white people.

[Creepn]

Right. I think both the USA and the Russians sent black people into space before any white people.

A chimp went into space before humans. Are you saying chimps deserve all the credit to get into space?

[DUNCANownsKOBE]

Doug Williams is the only QB in black history to win a superbowl.

[The Reckoning]

Yup, that's what I try to tell these people. White people are quick to claim that they are the sole inventors of historical things when it was a collaboration of other races too. Black people had a hand in building the first space shuttle to the moon as well.

when did that happen? what tings are black ppl keeping from us? next ting you know theyll be firing frickin laser beams at us from there.

interplanetary drive-by.

[Halberto]

WOW! I had no idea black people were so great! Good thing there's black history month.

[MavDynasty]

Tbh that Emmett till casket pic gets me everytime. What a fucked up negro beating

[marini martini]

5pzOx-Zzh2k

:toast

[Creepn]

WOW! I had no idea black people were so great! Good thing there's black history month.

:lol

[BlackSwordsMan]

How do you feel knowing that blacks when under whip and bondage were once an amazing group of people?

[Creepn]

You guys are still an amazing group of people.

[BlackSwordsMan]

You guys are still an amazing group of people.

Thanks.

[Creepn]

Thanks.

Except you.

[BlackSwordsMan]

aw =[

[BlackSwordsMan]

If there was a white history month al sharpton would come out and protest everyday that racist fuck

[Creepn]

lol.

[The Reckoning]

1XB_E8w0nqQ

[Creepn]

If there was a white history month al sharpton would come out and protest everyday that racist fuck

What would you celebrate on white history month that's not already celebrated?

[BlackSwordsMan]

What would you celebrate on white history month that's not already celebrated?
dunno im not white

[Creepn]

dunno im not white

lol for real? You sure come at me with the intensity of a Grand Wizard though.

[BlackSwordsMan]

I'm jealous of your huge wang.

[Creepn]

I'm jealous of your huge wang.

Did you do those exercises I posted? I take it you didn't.

[The Reckoning]

woah woah black peen exercises? link?

[Trill Clinton]

Props on that marley vid. Im gonna post some dead prez here in a few.

[BlackSwordsMan]

Did you do those exercises I posted? I take it you didn't.

I only read 3/5th of your posts. I must have missed it

[DeadlyDynasty]

Props on that marley vid. Im gonna post some dead prez here in a few.

IIf4vnA0o6s

[DeadlyDynasty]

I only read 3/5th of your posts. I must have missed it

I see what you did there:lol

[IronMaxipad]

I only read 3/5th of your posts. I must have missed it

:lmao:lmao:lmao

[Sausage]

http://cdn.someecards.com/someecards/filestorage/bet-wed-more-into-black-history-month-ecard-someecards.jpg

[midnightpulp]

Black people, are without a doubt, the best Family Feud players. I love nothing more than when a boisterous black family kicks the shit out of an uptight honky family.

[DUNCANownsKOBE]

Black people, are without a doubt, the best Family Feud players. I love nothing more than when a boisterous black family kicks the shit out of an uptight honky family.
Tbh the black family vs. white family ones were the best ones (granted this is at least 60% of all family feud episodes).

[Dark Gable]

http://www.achievement.org/achievers/pow0/photos/pow0-038a.gif

http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/pow0bio-1

Colin Luther Powell was born in Harlem in 1937. His parents were Jamaican immigrants who stressed the importance of education and personal achievement. Powell grew up in the South Bronx, where he graduated from high school without having formed any definite ambition or direction in life. He entered the City College of New York to study geology and it was there, by his own account, that he found his calling when he joined the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC). He became commander of his unit's precision drill team and graduated in 1958 at the top of his ROTC class, with the rank of cadet colonel, the highest rank in the corps.

Powell was commissioned a second lieutenant in the United States Army, and was one of the 16,000 military advisors dispatched to South Vietnam by President Kennedy in 1962. In 1963, Lieutenant Powell was wounded by a punji-stick booby trap while patrolling the Vietnamese border with Laos. He was awarded the Purple Heart, and later that year, the Bronze Star. Powell served a second tour of duty in Vietnam in 1968-69. During this second tour he was injured in a helicopter crash. Despite his own injuries, he managed to rescue his comrades from the burning helicopter and was awarded the Soldier's Medal. In all, he has received 11 military decorations, including the Legion of Merit.

Powell earned an MBA at George Washington University in Washington, DC, and after being promoted to major, won a White House fellowship. Powell was assigned to the Office of Management and Budget during the administration of President Nixon, and here he made a lasting impression on the Director and Deputy Director of the Office: Casper Weinberger and Frank Carlucci. Both of these men were to call on Powell when they served as Secretary of Defense and National Security Advisor, respectively, under President Ronald Reagan.

[Trill Clinton]

The Colin Powel autobiography was a long but good read. :toast



Dead Prez- Hell yea
kGjSq4HqP9Y&ob=av2e

Dead Prez- Propaganda
jMnLHmTXjgU

Dead Prez- We need a Revolution
DgPje57RIxw

Dead Prez- W4...RGB was a great cd:king

kpGX1b2d1tA

[resistanze]

Hz5QyvW3YKM

:cry

[Trill Clinton]

I used to love this movie as a kid. classic scene

Wt101BC_qu0

[DeadlyDynasty]

mzDVaKRApcg

[Trill Clinton]

damn,b. I haven't heard from the beatnuts since 'watch out now'. they still making music?

[DeadlyDynasty]

damn,b. I haven't heard from the beatnuts since 'watch out now'. they still making music?

lol no idea

[Trill Clinton]

Interesting vid on Moors

F3aTxVAWd-I

[DeadlyDynasty]

Interesting vid on Moors

F3aTxVAWd-I

Another interesting vid on the Moors

tqccyUpnZwA

[Trill Clinton]

Another interesting vid on the Moors

tqccyUpnZwA

thanks for the vid

[Trill Clinton]

He had just gotten paid & had bought himself a new car so he was speeding down the highway when the police pulled him over and gave him a ticket. He asked the police how much the ticket was and was told $50.00, Jack gave the police $100 and said you might as well take this cuz i'm coming back the same way going the same speed. :hat:hat:hat:hat


Jack Johnson Arthur John (Jack) Johnson (1878 -1946) was the first black, and first Texan, to win the heavyweight boxing championship of the world.
Born in Galveston on March 31, 1878, he was the second of six children of Henry and Tiny Johnson. Henry was a former slave and his family was poor. After leaving school in the fifth grade, Johnson worked odd jobs around South Texas. He started boxing as a sparring partner and fought in the "battles royal," matches in which young blacks entertained white spectators who threw money to the winner.
Johnson turned professional in 1897 following a period with private clubs in Galveston. His family's home was destroyed by the great hurricane of 1900. A year later he was arrested and jailed because boxing was a criminal profession in Texas. He soon left Galveston for good.
Johnson first became the heavyweight champion of Negro boxing. Jim Jeffries, the white champ at the time, refused to fight Johnson because he was black. Then, in 1908, Johnson knocked out Tommy Burns in Australia to become world champion, although he was not officially given the title until 1910 when he finally fought and beat Jeffries in Reno. Jeffries had come out of retirement to become the first of many so-called "great white hopes."
Race rioting was sparked after the Johnson-Jeffries fight. The Texas Legislature banned films of his victories over whites for fear of more riots. In 1913, Johnson fled because of trumped up charges of violating the Mann Act's stipulations against transporting white women across state lines for prostitution.
During his exile from the U.S., Johnson lost his championship to a white man, Jess Willard, in Cuba in 1915. He returned to the U.S. on July 20, 1920 and was arrested. Sentenced to Leavenworth in Kansas, Johnson was appointed athletic director of the prison. Upon his release, he returned to boxing, but only participated in exhibition fights after 1928.
Although married three times to white women, Johnson never had children. He died in a car crash June 10, 1946, near Raleigh, North Carolina.
Bibliography: Wendy Brabner, Ed., Texas Monthly Texas Characters Datebook 1985 (Austin, Texas: Texas Monthly Press, 1984). Ron Tyler, ed., The New Handbook of Texas, Vol. 3 (Austin, Texas: Texas State Historical Association, 1996) pp. 955-56.

[Trill Clinton]

Benjamin Carson was born in Detroit, Michigan. His mother Sonya had dropped out of school in the third grade, and married when she was only 13. When Benjamin Carson was only eight, his parents divorced, and Mrs. Carson was left to raise Benjamin and his older brother Curtis on her own. She worked at two, sometimes three, jobs at a time to provide for her boys. Benjamin and his brother fell farther and farther behind in school. In fifth grade, Carson was at the bottom of his class. His classmates called him "dummy" and he developed a violent, uncontrollable temper.

http://www.achievement.org/achievers/car1/photos/car1-002a.gif (http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/photocredit/achievers/car1-002) When Mrs. Carson saw Benjamin's failing grades, she determined to turn her sons' lives around. She sharply limited the boys' television watching and refused to let them outside to play until they had finished their homework each day. She required them to read two library books a week and to give her written reports on their reading even though, with her own poor education, she could barely read what they had written. Within a few weeks, Carson astonished his classmates by identifying rock samples his teacher had brought to class. He recognized them from one of the books he had read. "It was at that moment that I realized I wasn't stupid," he recalled later. Carson continued to amaze his classmates with his newfound knowledge and within a year he was at the top of his class.
The hunger for knowledge had taken hold of him, and he began to read voraciously on all subjects. He determined to become a physician, and he learned to control the violent temper that still threatened his future. After graduating with honors from his high school, he attended Yale University, where he earned a degree in Psychology.

http://www.achievement.org/achievers/car1/photos/car1-005a.gif (http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/photocredit/achievers/car1-005) From Yale, he went to the Medical School of the University of Michigan, where his interest shifted from psychiatry to neurosurgery. His excellent hand-eye coordination and three-dimensional reasoning skills made him a superior surgeon. After medical school he became a neurosurgery resident at the world-famous Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. At age 32, he became the hospital's Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery. In 1987, Carson made medical history with an operation to separate a pair of Siamese twins. The Binder twins were born joined at the back of the head. Operations to separate twins joined in this way had always failed, resulting in the death of one or both of the infants. Carson agreed to undertake the operation. A 70-member surgical team, led by Dr. Carson, worked for 22 hours. At the end, the twins were successfully separated and can now survive independently.
Carson's other surgical innovations have included the first intra-uterine procedure to relieve pressure on the brain of a hydrocephalic fetal twin, and a hemispherectomy, in which an infant suffering from uncontrollable seizures has half of its brain removed. This stops the seizures, and the remaining half of the brain actually compensates for the missing hemisphere.

http://www.achievement.org/achievers/car1/photos/car1-027a.gif (http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/photocredit/achievers/car1-027) In addition to his medical practice, Dr. Carson is in constant demand as a public speaker, and devotes much of his time to meeting with groups of young people. In 2008, the White House announced that Benjamin Carson would receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor. Dr. Carson's books include a memoir, Gifted Hands, and a motivational book, Think Big. Carson says the letters of "Think Big" stand for the following:
Talent: Our Creator has endowed all of us not just with the ability to sing, dance or throw a ball, but with intellectual talent. Start getting in touch with that part of you that is intellectual and develop that, and think of careers that will allow you to use that.

http://www.achievement.org/achievers/car1/photos/car1-029a.gif (http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/photocredit/achievers/car1-029) Honesty: If you lead a clean and honest life, you don't put skeletons in the closet. If you put skeletons in the closet, they definitely will come back just when you don't want to see them and ruin your life. Insight: It comes from people who have already gone where you're trying to go. Learn from their triumphs and their mistakes.
Nice: If you're nice to people, then once they get over the suspicion of why you're being nice, they will be nice to you.
Knowledge: It makes you into a more valuable person. The more knowledge you have, the more people need you. It's an interesting phenomenon, but when people need you, they pay you, so you'll be okay in life.
Books: They are the mechanism for obtaining knowledge, as opposed to television.
In-Depth Learning: Learn for the sake of knowledge and understanding, rather than for the sake of impressing people or taking a test.
God: Never get too big for Him.

[resistanze]

mzDVaKRApcg

:cry Beautiful music right there.

[Creepn]

Who's the baddest mofo low down around this town?!

http://i39.tinypic.com/2z5pxsx.jpg

Man I used to love this movie as a kid.

[Trill Clinton]

lol yea that movie is GOAT. so many quotables.

[Trill Clinton]

another classic scene. i-i-i-i want the kniiiifeee...............pleeeeeeease:lol

hM4-Yh-qyEQ

[Landon Donofag]

Good thread. Who are your guys favorite black actors?
I like me some idris elba, denzel, etc. But by far my favorite has to be:

http://i.imgur.com/2VPAG.jpg

[Fpoonsie]

cLPI_p5RnR0

One of the greatest...

[HarlemHeat37]

Orenthal James "O. J." Simpson (born July 9, 1947), nicknamed "The Juice", is a retired American collegiate and professional football player, football broadcaster, actor, and a currently incarcerated convicted criminal[2].

Originally attaining a public profile in sports as a running back at the collegiate and professional levels, Simpson was the American Football League's Buffalo Bills' first overall pick in the 1969 Common Draft, and the first professional football player to rush for more than 2,000 yards in a season, a mark he set during the 1973 season. While five other players have passed the 2,000 rush yard mark he stands alone as the only player to ever rush for more than 2,000 yards in a 14-game season (professional football changed to a 16-game season in 1978). He also holds the record for the single season yards-per-game average which stands at 143.1 ypg. Simpson was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985. He also had successful careers in acting and sports commentary.

In 1995, Simpson was acquitted of the murder of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman after a lengthy, internationally publicized criminal trial – the People v. Simpson. A 1997 judgment against Simpson for their wrongful deaths was awarded in civil court, and to date he has paid little of the $33.5Luck_The_Fakers_million judgement.[3] His book, If I Did It (2006), which purports to be a first-person fictional account of the murders had he actually committed them, was withdrawn by the publisher just before its release. The book was later released by the Goldman family.[4]

In September 2007, Simpson was arrested in Las Vegas, Nevada, and charged with numerous felonies, including armed robbery and kidnapping.[5] In 2008, he was found guilty[6][2] and sentenced to 33 years imprisonment, with a minimum of 9 years without parole.[7] He is currently serving his sentence at the Lovelock Correctional Center in Lovelock, Nevadahttp://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:O.J._Simpson_1990_%C2%B7_DN-ST-91-03444_crop.JPEG

[Trill Clinton]

Patricia Bath - (USA) In 1988, Patricia Bath invented the Cataract Laser Probe, a device that painlessly removes cataracts. Prior to this invention, cataracts were surgically removed. Patricia Bath founded the American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness.

[Trill Clinton]

shame it took this long:ihit

1987 - First African-American woman, and first woman, inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame): Aretha Franklin (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin)

A woman and then a black woman had never been inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame until 1987? This country really isn't as progressive as it likes to think it is.

[Trill Clinton]

look familiar?

http://i37.tinypic.com/13zna68.jpg

[Trill Clinton]

http://i34.tinypic.com/ajt3jr.jpg

Woman is working on a "Vengeance" dive bomber Tennessee, February 1943. Reproduction from color slide. Photo by Alfred T. Palmer. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress

There are more pictures here
http://blogs.denverpost.com/captured...939-1943/2363/ (http://blogs.denverpost.com/captured/2010/07/26/captured-america-in-color-from-1939-1943/2363/)

and here
http://www.flickr.com/photos/library...7603671370361/ (http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/sets/72157603671370361/)

[Trill Clinton]

http://i36.tinypic.com/2qbumgx.jpg

[Trill Clinton]

look at this bullshit

http://i37.tinypic.com/vp7squ.jpg

[Trill Clinton]

well dayum!

http://i38.tinypic.com/rbl5ok.jpg

[Trill Clinton]

check out gregory hines and his brother:lol

http://i33.tinypic.com/w86xdl.jpg

[Trill Clinton]

Yo she was finer than frog's hair:hat

http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/McKinney_Nina_Mae.jpg

Nina Mae McKinney, one of the first African American leading actresses in Hollywood, was born Nannie Mayme McKinney in 1913. The Lancaster, South Carolina native was reared by her great-aunt, Carrie Sanders on the Estate of Colonel LeRoy Sanders, where her family had worked for many generations. She attended Lancaster Industrial School until the age of 13 before relocating to New York to live with her mother, Georgia Crawford McKinney. As an early teen, McKinney performed in Harlem�s nightclubs and eventually on Broadway in the Lew Leslie musical review, Blackbirds of 1928.
Her celebrity began at the age of 16 when director King Vidor, impressed by her vitality in Blackbirds of 1928, hired her to parlay her multi-talented abilities as an actress, dancer, and vocalist in the musical film, Hallelujah (1929). McKinney�s effervescent performance as the seductress, �Chick,� brought her immediate success. Yet despite rave reviews for her vivacious performance and a resulting five-year contract with MGM, McKinney�s career faltered during an era when Hollywood declined to position black actresses in dignified roles.
Determined to break barriers in acting, McKinney immigrated to Europe where she performed in cabarets in Budapest, Dublin, London, and Paris; and appeared in the British films, Congo Road (1930), and Sanders of the River (1935) both opposite Paul Robeson. In between promoting her career abroad, she briefly returned to the states where she appeared in independent films Pie, Pie, Blackbird (1932) and Kentucky Minstrels (1934). Though she had minor roles, she was also involved in other Hollywood films such as Safe in Hell (1931), and Reckless (1935). Her last significant Hollywood role was that of a fierce antagonist in the 1949 film, Pinky.
Throughout her career, McKinney maintained versatility in performing arts. During the last two decades of her life, she appeared in several plays and continued to tour globally. Although her potential as an actress was never established, McKinney carved a path for other black actresses such as Dorothy Dandridge, whose character �Carmen� in the 1954 film, Carmen Jones, was patterned after McKinney�s �Chick.� Nina Mae McKinney died in New York in 1967.

[cantthinkofanything]

look at this bullshit

http://i37.tinypic.com/vp7squ.jpg

Faulkner sucked.

[Trill Clinton]

Wow, she's from Weimer. That's where I get my sausage and smoked bacon.


http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/moten_etta.jpg


Etta Moten, a multifaceted pioneer in the world of entertainment, was born in Weimar, Texas in 1901. She was raised as the only child of her parents, Freeman Moten, a Methodist minister, and his wife Ida Mae Norman. In 1915, Rev. Moten moved to Kansas City where Etta Moten began singing in church choirs.
Moten married one of her school teachers at the age of 17 and had three children. She divorced her husband in 1924 and asked her parents to care for her children while she went on to attend the University of Kansas to study voice and drama. While at the University of Kansas, Moten briefly joined the Eva Jessy Choir in New York before her ambitions lead her to Hollywood where she immediately embarked upon a film career that enabled her to parlay her vocal and dramatic skills in a dignified manner.
Moten made her film debut as a widow (who sang the song My Forgotten Man) in the 1933 movie The Gold Diggers. The same year, she appeared in her sophomore and final film entitled Flying Down to Rio in which her moving vocal performance of The Carioca received positive reviews. Although she did not receive billing for subsequent film roles, Moten was one of the first singers to be employed as a dub for the voices of several other leading actresses, including Barbara Stanwyck and Ginger Rogers.
In 1933, Moten performed at the White House at the invitation of President and Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1934, she married entrepreneur and founder of the Associated Negro Press Claude Albert Barnett and subsequently switched to Broadway, where she gained the leading role of Bess in the 1942 revival of Porgy and Bess. She also appeared in productions of Sugar Hill and Lysistrata opposite acclaimed actor Leigh Whipper.
In 2003, Moten was honored at Chicago International Film Festival�s tribute to African American women in film. In addition, she received a Living Legend Award from the National Black Arts Festival and was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame. She died of pancreatic cancer on January 2, 2004 in Chicago at the age of 103.

[Trill Clinton]

Still plenty of time left.


I understand racist trolling is popular here. I just ask that you keep it out of this thread. :nope

[cantthinkofanything]

I understand racist trolling is popular here. I just ask that you keep it out of this thread. :nope

fair enough

fixed

[Trill Clinton]

fair enough

fixed


thank you my fair skinned brotha

[cantthinkofanything]

thank you my fair skinned brotha

for shizzle my nizzle

As a contribution, I want to recongize Living Color.

Y6ULmPD-OQg

[z0sa]

SHUT THE FUCK UP!!!!!!!!!!!i!!!

you're a tool

cool thread tbh

[Trill Clinton]

In living color was a great great show. Jim Carrey, JLo, Wayans family...a lot of legends in the entertainment industry on that show.

[cantthinkofanything]

also this bad ass nizza

8mq4UT4VnbE

[cantthinkofanything]

and Jimi...

l6Z7LR8Z9_o

[Trill Clinton]

you're a tool

cool thread tbh

appreciate it

[cantthinkofanything]

shit, who do you leave out...

O8hqGu-leFc

[Trill Clinton]

for shizzle my nizzle

As a contribution, I want to recongize Living Color.

Y6ULmPD-OQg

In living color was a great great show. Jim Carrey, JLo, Wayans family...a lot of legends in the entertainment industry on that show.

[cantthinkofanything]

In living color was a great great show. Jim Carrey, JLo, Wayans family...a lot of legends in the entertainment industry on that show.

Yeah, I got it the first time.

[Trill Clinton]

Yeah, I got it the first time.

:lol my bad, didn't see it got posted already:downspin:

[JayTheClown]

Got mad respect for you right now Trill. Keep it up.

[JayTheClown]

To me one of the most underrated scientist of our time. The man did not event peanut butter that's a myth. This is just a very brief history.


George Washington Carver

It is rare to find a man of the caliber of George Washington Carver. A man who would decline an invitation to work for a salary of more than $100,000 a year (almost a million today) to continue his research on behalf of his countrymen.
Agricultural Chemistry

As an agricultural chemist, Carver discovered three hundred uses for peanuts (http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpeanutbutter.htm) and hundreds more uses for soybeans, pecans and sweet potatoes. Among the listed items that he suggested to southern farmers to help them economically were his recipes and improvements (http://inventors.about.com/b/2003/11/13/not-new-but-improved.htm) to/for: adhesives, axle grease, bleach, buttermilk, chili sauce, fuel briquettes, ink, instant coffee, linoleum (http://inventors.about.com/od/lstartinventions/a/linoleum.htm), mayonnaise (http://inventors.about.com/od/foodrelatedinventions/a/mayonnaise.htm), meat tenderizer, metal polish, paper, plastic, pavement, shaving cream, shoe polish, synthetic rubber, talcum powder and wood stain. However, Carver only applied for three patents.


#1,522,176 (http://inventors.about.com/od/photogallery/ig/African-American---C/George-Washington-Carver--1.htm), 1/6/1925, Cosmetics & Plant Products
#1,541,478 (http://inventors.about.com/od/photogallery/ig/African-American---C/George-Washington-Carver--2.htm), 6/9/1925, Paints & Stains
#1,632,365, 6/14/1927, Paints & Stains

Early Life

George Washington Carver was born in 1864 near Diamond Grove, Missouri on the farm of Moses Carver. He was born into difficult and changing times near the end of the Civil War. The infant George and his mother kidnapped by Confederate night-raiders and possibly sent away to Arkansas. Moses Carver found and reclaimed George after the war but his mother had disappeared forever. The identity of Carver's father remains unknown, although he believed his father was a slave from a neighboring farm. Moses and Susan Carver reared George and his brother as their own children. It was on the Moses' farm where George first fell in love with nature, where he earned the nickname 'The Plant Doctor' and collected in earnest all manner of rocks and plants.
Education

He began his formal education at the age of twelve, which required him to leave the home of his adopted parents. Schools segregated by race at that time with no school available for black students near Carver's home. He moved to Newton County in southwest Missouri, where he worked as a farm hand and studied in a one-room schoolhouse. He went on to attend Minneapolis High School in Kansas. College entrance was a struggle, again because of racial barriers. At the age of thirty, Carver gained acceptance to Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa, where he was the first black student. Carver had to study piano and art and the college did not offer science classes. Intent on a science career, he later transferred to Iowa Agricultural College (now Iowa State University) in 1891, where he gained a Bachelor of Science degree in 1894 and a Master of Science degree in bacterial botany and agriculture in 1897. Carver became a member of the faculty of the Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanics (the first black faculty member for Iowa College), teaching classes about soil conservation and chemurgy.
Tuskegee

In 1897, Booker T. Washington, founder of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute for Negroes, convinced Carver to come south and serve as the school's Director of Agriculture. Carver remained on the faculty until his death in 1943. Read the pamphlet - Help For Hard Times (http://inventors.about.com/od/stepbystep/ss/Hard_Times.htm) - written by Carver and forwarded by Booker T. Washington as an example of the educational material provided to farmers by Carver.
At Tuskegee Carver developed his crop rotation (http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfarm.htm#rotation) method, which revolutionized southern agriculture. He educated the farmers to alternate the soil-depleting cotton crops with soil-enriching crops such as; peanuts, peas, soybeans, sweet potato, and pecans.
Helping the South

America's economy was heavily dependent upon agriculture during this era making Carver's achievements very significant. Decades of growing only cotton and tobacco had depleted the soils of the southern area of the United States of America. The economy of the farming south had been devastated by years of civil war and the fact that the cotton and tobacco plantations could no longer (ab)use slave labor. Carver convinced the southern farmers to follow his suggestions and helped the region to recover. Carver also worked at developing industrial applications from agricultural crops. During World War I, he found a way to replace the textile dyes formerly imported from Europe. He produced dyes of 500 different shades of dye and he was responsible for the invention in 1927 of a process for producing paints and stains from soybeans. For that he received three separate patents.

God Gave Them To Me

Carver did not patent or profit from most of his products. He freely gave his discoveries to mankind. Most important was the fact that he changed the South from being a one-crop land of cotton, to being multi-crop farmlands, with farmers having hundreds of profitable uses for their new crops. "God gave them to me" he would say about his ideas, "How can I sell them to someone else?" In 1940, Carver donated his life savings to the establishment of the Carver Research Foundation at Tuskegee, for continuing research in agriculture.
Honors and Awards

George Washington Carver was bestowed an honorary doctorate from Simpson College in 1928. He was an honorary member of the Royal Society of Arts in London, England. In 1923, he received the Spingarn Medal given every year by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. In 1939, he received the Roosevelt medal for restoring southern agriculture. On July 14, 1943, U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt honored Carver with a national monument dedicated to his accomplishments. The area of Carver's childhood near Diamond Grove, Missouri preserved as a park, this park was the first designated national monument to an African American in the United States. "He could have added fortune to fame, but caring for neither, he found happiness and honor in being helpful to the world." - Epitaph on the grave of George Washington Carver.
http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventors/a/GWC.htm

[cantthinkofanything]

Got mad respect for you right now Trill. Keep it up.

x2

Dedication, persistence, consistency.

Damn, I spell worse than Buckwheat. Fixed.

[resistanze]

Here is some rather unknown info about the man that likely inspired Uncle Tom's Cabin

Josiah Henson

http://blackhistorycanada.ca/images/profiles/Henson.jpg

While some have expressed concern over Josiah Henson being the model for Uncle Tom in Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, the life of Henson is nevertheless inspiring. Born enslaved in Maryland, Henson saw members of his family sold. Later, he served with his mother and became both a trustworthy administrator and a preacher.

His role in escorting a group of enslaved persons to the farm of his owner's brother made some question him. While in transit, they could easily have escaped and made themselves free, but Henson believed his owner's offer of potential manumission (ownership of himself). So, he would not allow the escape and was sorely disappointed when he realized that his owner had no intention of giving him his freedom.

Henson was forced to run away with his wife and family, settling near Dresden, Ontario. With his leadership skills, he was able to command the support of abolitionists who helped him create the Dawn Settlement. It was Henson's belief that Blacks needed to learn skills within their own community. Later, his biography The Life of Josiah Henson Formerly a Slave Now an Inhabitant of Canada was written and sold to raise funds for the continuation of the Dawn Settlement. Because the connection of Henson with the Uncle Tom figure helped to keep him in the spotlight, he allowed it to continue.

Josiah Henson and his wife Nancy
This photograph of Josiah Henson and his wife Nancy appears on the Virtual Museum of Canada website.

From Midnight to Dawn: The Last Tracks of the Underground Railroad
See page 21 for an account of Josiah Henson's escape from enslavement in the US and his founding of a settlement called Dawn in southwestern Ontario. Also examines controversies associated with the publication of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. From Google Books.

Josiah Henson - Birth of a Leader
An illustrated feature about Josiah Henson, a farmer and community leader who formerly had been enslaved. From the Parks Canada website.

An Autobiography of the Rev. Josiah Henson
Read an online digitized copy of the book An Autobiography of the Rev. Josiah Henson. From Google Books.

Josiah Henson
A biography of Josiah Henson, fugitive slave, Methodist preacher, author, and founder of the settlement at Dawn (near Dresden), Canada West. From the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online.

Dawn Settlement Tour
An online tour guide for the Dawn Settlement in Dresden, Ontario. Features information about Uncle Tom’s Cabin, First Baptist Church, and other historic structures. From the dresden.ca website.

Dresden
A profile of Dresden, Ontario, the location of the British American Institute, established in 1841 by Reverend Josiah Henson. From The Canadian Encyclopedia.

Josiah Henson
A profile of Josiah Henson, founder of the historic Dawn Township and British-American Institute in Ontario. From The Canadian Encyclopedia.

[Landon Donofag]

0itOCgJtNVU

[Trill Clinton]

Thanks Resistanze and Jay for your contributions to the thread.

[Trill Clinton]

0itOCgJtNVU


Sit yo ass down, stand back up and sit ya ass right back down.

[DeadlyDynasty]

http://www.usrf.org/uro-video/Tuskegee_2004/Article_Header.jpg

[Halberto]

This will set black people back :depressed



http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/ncaaf-dr-saturday/cassanova-mckinzy-spurned-clemson-because-didn-t-chick-015506961.html

[Creepn]

This will set black people back :depressed



http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/ncaaf-dr-saturday/cassanova-mckinzy-spurned-clemson-because-didn-t-chick-015506961.html

lol Out of all the great deeds and contributions posted in this thread, a picky college bound student is enough to undo all those great deeds and sets black people back. smh.

[BlackSwordsMan]

chick fil a is pretty pwnt

[Trill Clinton]

bump..this thread should be stickied.

[Gutter92]

"We just wanna be treated as equals, we're all the same if you disregard skin color!"


"We'll take a month celebrating how we're unique"

[Landon Donofag]

I3cGfrExozQ

[DUNCANownsKOBE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_anemia

[Creepn]

http://new.rejesus.co.uk/images/area_uploads/faces/faces_black_jesus2.jpg

Black Jesus tbh...

[The Reckoning]

black history month is the shortest month of the year

[redzero]

I3cGfrExozQ

God with the goods.

[Creepn]

Crispus Attucks, the first man to die for America and our freedom from British rule during the Boston Massacre.

http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/A/Crispus-Attucks-9191864-1-402.jpg

"Honor to Crispus Attucks, who was leader and voice that day;
The first to defy, and the first to die, with Maverick, Carr, and Gray.
Call it riot or revolution, his hand first clenched at the crown:
His feet were the first in perilous place to pull the King's flag down:
His breast was the first one rent apart that liberty's stream might flow;
For our freedom now and forever, his head was the first laid low.
Call it riot or revolution, or mob or crowd, as you may,
such deaths have been seed of nations, such lives shall be honored for aye." -John Boyle O'Reilly

[cantthinkofanything]

Crispus Attucks, the first man to die for America and our freedom from British rule during the Boston Massacre.



Crispus Attucks, one of my favorite black names.

Also Boaz Negro, the blind cobbler from the short story, Footfalls.

I also like Willie T Ribbs, the racecar driver

And Tchaka Shipp, the legendeary high school hoopster. I like his because it sounds like the name of a cookie.

Edit: I was looking for pics and when I looked up Boaz Negro, I found that he was Portugese in the story. I guess it's been a long time since I read that. I wonder why his name wasn't Boaz Cafe.

[Creepn]

Crispus Attucks, one of my favorite black names.

Also Boaz Negro, the blind cobbler from the short story, Footfalls.

I also like Willie T Ribbs, the racecar driver

And Tchaka Shipp, the legendeary high school hoopster. I like his because it sounds like the name of a cookie.

lol ya you're right, does sounds like a name of a cookie.

[Creepn]

Absalom Jones, first African American to be ordained as a priest for the Episcopal Church. Also during the the 1793 Yellow Fever epidemic in Phildelphia, which killed about 5,000 whilst tens of thousands fled (including George Washington) the state, he stayed behind to care for the sick and dead.

http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/Absalom_Jones.jpg

[Wild Cobra]

bIQj7hhqaLg

[DeadlyDynasty]

http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lwmtkiCVr41qbrqpso1_500.png

[Wild Cobra]

Absalom Jones, first African American to be ordained as a priest for the Episcopal Church. Also during the the 1793 Yellow Fever epidemic in Phildelphia, which killed about 5,000 whilst tens of thousands fled (including George Washington) the state, he stayed behind to care for the sick and dead.

http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/Absalom_Jones.jpg
Why pick on Washington?

Yellow Fever Attacks Philadelphia, 1793 (http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/yellowfever.htm)

Unaware of the link between the mosquito and the disease's progress, Philadelphia's medical community was dumbfounded. Dr. Benjamin Rush, the city's leading physician and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, advised citizens to flee the city. He worked tirelessly to comfort and save the the hapless victims, but with little success. A good portion of the population, along with members of Congress, President Washington and his Cabinet, abandoned the city. The disease subsided and finally disappeared with the arrival of cold weather in November. It is estimated that 2,000 died.
5,000.... 2,000... I wonder what the correct number is?

[Wild Cobra]

Absalom Jones, first African American to be ordained as a priest for the Episcopal Church. Also during the the 1793 Yellow Fever epidemic in Phildelphia, which killed about 5,000 whilst tens of thousands fled (including George Washington) the state, he stayed behind to care for the sick and dead.

http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/Absalom_Jones.jpg
Did you know he was also a Grand Master Mason?

Absalom Jones (http://www.answers.com/topic/absalom-jones)

Personal Information

Born on November 6, 1746, in Sussex, DE; died on February 13, 1818, Philadelphia, PA; married Mary King, 1770
Religion: African Episcopal.
Memberships: Grand Master of the Black Masonic lodge of Philadelphia.

Career

Sussex, DE, and Philadelphia, PA, slave; manumitted October 1, 1784; Methodist lay preacher, licensed, 1786; Free African Society, co-founder, 1787; African Church of St. Thomas, co-founder, 1794; Episcopal church, ordained deacon, 1795; Episcopal church, priest, 1804.

[Halberto]

http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lwmtkiCVr41qbrqpso1_500.png


:lol

[Creepn]

Why pick on Washington?

Yellow Fever Attacks Philadelphia, 1793 (http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/yellowfever.htm)

5,000.... 2,000... I wonder what the correct number is?

My number comes from academics, yours came from a homemade website that uses a rudimentary form of HTML.

[Creepn]

Did you know he was also a Grand Master Mason?

Absalom Jones (http://www.answers.com/topic/absalom-jones)

Do you have a problem with Masons?

[Trill Clinton]

props to creepn:toast

This paul mooney standup was funny as hayle:lol

Gil7ch46quA

[Trill Clinton]

0leO-khNz-w

[DeadlyDynasty]

http://www.welchsinternational.com/products/images_l/large_views/grape_soda_600_450.jpg

[DeadlyDynasty]

http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/Pigs_Feet.jpg

[DeadlyDynasty]

0w-SP7iuM6k

[Jacob1983]

http://roflrazzi.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/celebrity-pictures-morgan-freeman-badass-god.jpg

[Wild Cobra]

Do you have a problem with Masons?
Not at all. Just remember that when such threads pop up again. Too many here dis' them.

[Trill Clinton]

http://www.welchsinternational.com/products/images_l/large_views/grape_soda_600_450.jpg

Grape, strawberry, orange, etc...we love fruit flavored dranks:toast

0lTBUDBq8xw&feature=related

[The Reckoning]

if you knew your black history, malcolm X was assassinated today.

his autobiography sucked big black balls.

[Trill Clinton]

if you knew your black history, malcolm X was assassinated today.

his autobiography sucked big black balls.

What does him being assassinated today have to do with me not knowing black history? You know what, don't answer that, just shut the fuck up.

[The Reckoning]

What does him being assassinated today have to do with me not knowing black history? You know what, don't answer that, just shut the fuck up.


impersonal pronouns must be a foreign concept. not everything is about "you."

put down the koolaid. shit.

[Trill Clinton]

impersonal pronouns must be a foreign concept. not everything is about "you."

put down the koolaid. shit.

hard to tell when people are serious when everyone, outside of a few, are making lame racist jokes, like the one you just did smh.

[Trill Clinton]

One of my favorite fictional black heroes is Babo from Benito Cereno, fwiw

haven't read that, might have to check it out:toast

[The Reckoning]

Grape, strawberry, orange, etc...we love fruit flavored dranks:toast]


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_the_Kool-Aid

smh. racist fucks everywhere.

[Trill Clinton]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_the_Kool-Aid

smh. racist fucks everywhere.

look man, either drop some appreciation for blacks or get the fuck out.

[DeadlyDynasty]

by posting on an NBA forum we are appreciating black people

[The Reckoning]

look man, either drop some appreciation for blacks or get the fuck out.


alright. im a fan of peanut butter.

[Trill Clinton]

by posting on an NBA forum we are appreciating black people

don't act brand new. you already showed you're capable of providing this thread with some appreciation, minus the obvious troll attempts of pig feets and grape soda.

[Trill Clinton]

alright. im a fan of peanut butter.
that'll work, thanks.

[DeadlyDynasty]

I'll give you the pigs feet, but I genuinely like grape soda...Crush brand though

[Trill Clinton]

I'll give you the pigs feet, but I genuinely like grape soda...Crush brand though

really? something about welch's makes it that much better than the rest, to me.

If you would have posted a picture of chitlin's I would have co-signed that one too. Can't fuck with pigs feet.

[Landon Donofag]

http://i.imgur.com/CMuFM.jpg

:tu

[Trill Clinton]

http://i50.tinypic.com/sg5r12.jpg

On February 1, 1960, At 4:30PM, Four Freshmen From North Carolina A&T -- Ezell Blair, Jr., David Richmond, Joseph McNeil And Franklin McCain, Sat Down At The Lunch Counter Of The Local F. W. Woolworth Store At 132 South Elm Street In Greensboro, North Carolina, And Ordered Coffee And Cherry Pie. This Bold Act Defied The Jim Crow Laws That Permitted Blacks To Shop In The Store But Not Eat A Meal There. After Being Refused Service, The Young Men Began Reading Their Textbooks, Sending The Message That They Were Not Leaving Until They Were Served Or The Store Closed.

The "Greensboro 4," As They Were Called, Returned The Next Morning With More A&T Students. On Wednesday 70 Students Joined The Protest, Including Women From Nearby Bennett College And Some White Students From Other Local Schools. By This Time The Greensboro Sit-In Had Become A National News Story.

On Thursday, 150 A&T Students Moved Down The Street And Staged A Similar Sit-In In The S. H. Kress & Co. Store. Other Demonstrations Began Taking Place Throughout The South.

The Greensboro Sit-In Is Credited With Re-Igniting The Civil Rights Movement In America -- Transforming The Older Generation's "Don't-Rock The-Boat" Tactics To A More Militant, Protest-Based Platform.

[Avante]

Three of my favorite authors

James Baldwin
Richard Wright
Ralph Ellison

Where would we be without them blues, soul, R&B. History has proven country music was inspired by old black blues as was rock & roll.

[Winehole23]

BLACK WALLSTREET:

I'm surprised that a lot of people don't know of Black Wallstreet:

African-American History in Oklahoma as told to Ronald E. Childs. If anyone truly believes that the last April attack on the federal building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, was the most tragic bombing ever to take place on United States soil, as the media has been widely reporting, they're wrong-plain and simple. That's because an even deadlier bomb occurred in that same state nearly 75 years ago.

Many people in high places would like to forget that it ever happened. Searching under the heading of "riots," "Oklahoma" and "Tulsa" in current editions of the World Book Encyclopedia, there is conspicuously no mention whatsoever of the Tulsa race riot of 1921, and this omission is by no means a surprise, or a rare case. The fact is, one would also be hard-pressed to find documentation of the incident, let alone an accurate accounting of it, in any other "scholarly" reference or American history book.

That's precisely the point that noted author, publisher and orator Ron Wallace, a Tulsa native, sought to make nearly five years ago when he began researching this riot, one of the worst incidents of violence ever visited upon people of African descent. Ultimately joined on the project by colleague Jay Jay Wilson of Los Angeles, the duo found and compiled indisputable evidence of what they now describe as "A Black Holocaust in America."

The date was June 1, 1921, when "Black Wallstreet," the name fittingly given to one of the most affluent all-black communities in America, was bombed from the air and burned to the ground by mobs of envious whites. In a period spanning fewer than 12 hours, a once thriving 36-black business district in northern Tulsa lay smoldering-A model community destroyed, and a major Africa-American economic movement resoundingly defused.

The night's carnage left some 3,000 African Americans dead, and over 600 successful businesses lost. Among these were 21 churches, 21 restaurants, 30 grocery stores and two movie theaters, plus a hospital, a bank, a post office, libraries, schools, law offices, a half-dozen private airplanes and even a bus system. As could be expected, the impetus behind it all was the infamous Ku Klux Klan, working in consort with ranking city officials, and many other sympathizers. In their self-published book, Black Wallstreet: A lost Dream, and its companion video documentary, Black Wallstreet: A Black Holocaust in America!, the authors have chronicled for the very first time in the words of area historians and elderly survivors what really happened there on that fateful summer day in 1921 and why it happened. Wallace similarly explained to Black Elegance why this bloody event from the turn of the century seems to have had a recurring effect that is being felt in predominately Black neighborhoods even to this day. The best description of Black Wallstreet, or Little Africa as it was also known, would be to liken it to a mini-Beverly Hills. It was the golden door of the Black community during the early 1900s, and it proved that African Americans had successful infrastructure. That's what Black Wallstreet was about.

The dollar circulated 36 to 1000 times, sometimes taking a year for currency to leave the community. Now in 1995, a dollar leaves the Black community in 15 minutes. As far as resources, there were Ph.D's residing in Little Africa, Black attorneys and doctors. One doctor was Dr. Berry who also owned the bus system. His average income was $500 a day, a hefty pocket of change in 1910. During that era, physicians owned medical schools. There were also pawn shops everywhere, brothels, jewelry stores, 21 churches, 21 restaurants and two movie theaters. It was a time when the entire state of Oklahoma had only two airports, yet six blacks owned their own planes. It was a very fascinating community. The area encompassed over 600 businesses and 36 square blocks with a population of 15,000 African Americans. And when the lower-economic Europeans looked over and saw what the Black community created, many of them were jealous. When the average student went to school on Black Wallstreet, he wore a suit and tie because of the morals and respect they were taught at a young age.

The mainstay of the community was to educate every child. Nepotism was the one word they believed in. And that's what we need to get back to in 1995. The main thoroughfare was Greenwood Avenue, and it was intersected by Archer and Pine Streets. From the first letters in each of those names, you get G.A.P., and that's where the renowned R&B music group The GAP Band got its name. They're from Tulsa. Black Wallstreet was a prime example of the typical Black community in America that did business, but it was in an unusual location. You see, at the time, Oklahoma was set aside to be a Black and Indian state. There were over 28 Black townships there. One third of the people who traveled in the terrifying "Trail of Tears" along side the Indians between 1830 to 1842 were Black people. The citizens of this proposed Indian and Black state chose a Black governor, a treasurer from Kansas named McDade. But the Ku Klux Klan said that if he assumed office that they would kill him within 48 hours. A lot of Blacks owned farmland, and many of them had gone into the oil business. The community was so tight and wealthy because they traded dollars hand-to-hand, and because they were dependent upon one another as a result of the Jim Crow laws.

It was not unusual that if a resident's home accidentally burned down, it could be rebuilt within a few weeks by neighbors. This was the type of scenario that was going on day-to-day on Black Wallstreet. When Blacks intermarried into the Indian culture, some of them received their promised '40 acres and a Mule,' and with that came whatever oil was later found on the properties.

Just to show you how wealthy a lot of Black people were, there was a banker in a neighboring town who had a wife named California Taylor. Her father owned the largest cotton gin west of the Mississippi [River]. When California shopped, she would take a cruise to Paris every three months to have her clothes made. There was also a man named Mason in nearby Wagner County who had the largest potato farm west of the Mississippi. When he harvested, he would fill 100 boxcars a day. Another brother not far away had the same thing with a spinach farm. The typical family then was five children or more, though the typical farm family would have 10 kids or more who made up the nucleus of the labor.

On Black Wallstreet, a lot of global business was conducted. The community flourished from the early 1900s until June 1, 1921. That's when the largest massacre of non-military Americans in the history of this country took place, and it was lead by the Ku Klux Klan. Imagine walking out of your front door and seeing 1,500 homes being burned. It must have been amazing.

Survivors we interviewed think that the whole thing was planned because during the time that all of this was going on, white families with their children stood around on the borders of the community and watched the massacre, the looting and everything---much in the same manner they would watch a lynching.

In my lectures I ask people if they understand where the word "picnic" comes from. It was typical to have a picnic on a Friday evening in Oklahoma. The word was short for "pick a Brotha Man" to lynch. They would lynch a Black male and cut off body parts as souvenirs. This went on every weekend in this country. That's where the term really came from. The riots weren't caused by anything Black or white. It was caused by jealousy. A lot of white folks had come back from World War I and they were poor. When they looked over into the Black communities and realized that Black men who fought in the war had come home heroes that helped trigger the destruction. It cost the Black community everything, and not a single dime of restitution---no insurance claims-has been awarded to the victims to this day.

Nonetheless, they rebuilt. We estimate that 1,500 to 3,000 people were killed, and we know that a lot of them were buried in mass graves all around the city. Some were thrown in the river. As a matter of fact, at 21st Street and Yale Avenue, where there now stands a Sears parking lot, that corner used to be a coal mine. They threw a lot of the bodies into the shafts. Black Americans don't know about this story because we don't apply the word holocaust to our struggle. Jewish people use the word holocaust all the time. White people use the word holocaust. It's politically correct to use it. But when we Black folks use the word, people think we're being cry babies or that we're trying to bring up old issues. No one comes to our support. In 1910, our forefathers and mothers owned 13 million acres of land at the height of racism in this country, so the Black Wallstreet book and videotape prove to the naysayers and revisionists that we had our act together. Our mandate now is to begin to teach our children about our own, ongoing Black holocaust. They have to know when they look at our communities today that we don't come from this.City of Tulsa is looking for the mass graves:

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tulsa-goes-grave-digging-it-looks-answers-infamous-1921-race-n916401

[Winehole23]

Tulsa still coming to terms with the Greenwood massacre:

http://www.governing.com/topics/public-justice-safety/gov-tulsa-black-wall-street.html

[JohnnyD]

The first nationally acclaimed sprinter from one of those HBCU schools was Mozelle Ellerbe out of Tuskegee Institute. He starred in the late 30's/early 40's. But because of the war he had no Olympics to run in, so...............

The first stud NFL RB out of the HBCU was a converted DB J.D.Smith out of NCA&T. He was a Niner and the first HBCUer to gain a 1000 yards in a season.

Florida A&M's Bob Hayes the first HBCUer to win the Olympic 100, and the first HBCUer WR to have a 1000yards for an NFL season.

The first speedy, quick, fast, elusive black RB in pro football was this guy...



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHgSEFZlPvY

He won both the NCAA and AAU 100 yards in the same season, a rarity back then.


DeFord Bailey the first black performer on The Grand Ole Opry.



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjlR8eS0YPM


Ernie Davis the first black to win the Heisman.



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExxbEw4yigU

[Pavlov]

The first nationally acclaimed sprinter from one of those HBCU schools was Mozelle Ellerbe out of Tuskegee Institute. He starred in the late 30's/early 40's. But because of the war he had no Olympics to run in, so...............

The first stud NFL RB out of the HBCU was a converted DB J.D.Smith out of NCA&T. He was a Niner and the first HBCUer to gain a 1000 yards in a season.

Florida A&M's Bob Hayes the first HBCUer to win the Olympic 100, and the first HBCUer WR to have a 1000yards for an NFL season.

The first speedy, quick, fast, elusive black RB in pro football was this guy...



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHgSEFZlPvY

He won both the NCAA and AAU 100 yards in the same season, a rarity back then.


DeFord Bailey the first black performer on The Grand Ole Opry.



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjlR8eS0YPM


Ernie Davis the first black to win the Heisman.



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExxbEw4yigUSame ol' Avante.

[JohnnyD]

Same ol' Avante.

Knowing the history of things that interest me is me. Has nothing at all to do with a cartoon character.

[Pavlov]

Knowing the history of things that interest me is me. Has nothing at all to do with a cartoon character.Of course it does.

[JohnnyD]

Of course it does.

Knowing the history/origins of things is what I like. Not happy if I don't know where it all started.

I go back to Africa long before the slave trade.

[FrostKing]

http://i.imgur.com/CMuFM.jpg

:tu
https://vangogh.teespring.com/v3/image/sgEOxCtQmvPKP4jLYfwJbYrNaS8/480/560.jpg

[JohnnyD]

A book I highly recommend if interested in the black experience in America.

When Harlem Was in Vogue.

When Harlem was in Vogue

https://books.google.com/books/content?id=H1BQAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&imgtk=AFLRE70F-7Jcxu44q77b5XJsmMpM0zY8Q-cDVDSyMVZG841p6MHoS6PH106UFOQ8aw0Q3q5VSasL3qs3WSqL 5e5UTdIspfcTKDGKuRbYsqg9DwcmoFbYvpHhXkMUDXObxJ0DbQ NVedrG
David L. Lewis (https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22David+L.+Lewis%22)
Oxford University Press, 1989 - History (https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History%22&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0) - 381 pages
0 Reviews (https://books.google.com/books?id=H1BQAAAAMAAJ&sitesec=reviews)


Tremendous optimism filled the streets of Harlem during the decade and a half following World War I. Langston Hughes, Eubie Blake, Marcus Garvey, Zora Neale Hurston, Paul Robeson, and countless others began their careers; Afro-America made its first appearance on Broadway; musicians found new audiences in the chic who sought out the exotic in Harlem's whites-only nightclubs; riotous rent parties kept economic realities at bay; and A'Lelia Walker and Carl Van Vechten outdid each other with glittering "integrated" soirées.

When Harlem Was in Vogue recaptures the excitement of those times, displaying the intoxicating hope that black Americans could create important art and compel the nation to recognize their equality. In this critically-acclaimed study of race assimilation, David Levering Lewis focuses on the creation and manipulation of an arts and belles-lettres culture by a tiny Afro-American elite, striving to enhance "race relations" in America, and ultimately, the upward mobility of the Afro-American masses. He demonstrates how black intellectuals developed a systematic program to bring artists to Harlem, conducting nation-wide searches for black talent and urging WASP and Jewish philanthropists (termed "Negrotarians" by Zora Neale Hurston) to help support writers.

This extensively-researched, fascinating volume reveals the major significance of the Renaissance as a movement which sprang up in Harlem but lent its mood to the entire era, and as a culturally-vital period whose after-effects continue to add immeasurably to the richness and character of American life.

More »

[JohnnyD]

Those HBCU schools have always interested me. The marching bands on a whole other level. The athletes, the TONS of athletes. There must be 50 or so of these schools.



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3TKOr6WLpo