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View Full Version : Excerpt: "The Road to Crystal City," by Jan Jarboe Russell



Winehole23
12-29-2014, 04:43 PM
didn't know about this camp until very recently:


On October 22, 1969, fifty students at the University of Texas at Austin climbed into the stately live oaks and cypresses that offered shade on the campus along Waller Creek and then refused to budge. Frank Erwin, the all-powerful chairman of the board of regents, had ordered the trees taken down to make way for an expansion of UT’s football stadium, and a fierce opposition had arisen. In an op-ed published in the Daily Texan, Alan Taniguchi, the dean of the School of Architecture, condemned Erwin’s decision to remove the trees. “Professionally observed, the environmental quality of our campus is bleak,” he wrote. “Buildings have taken precedence over open spaces, things have taken precedence over people.”


On the morning of the protest Taniguchi arrived to show moral support for the students. Erwin called in campus, city, and state law enforcement officers, who pulled the crusading students from the trees and arrested 27 of them. Soon after, Erwin’s bulldozers knocked down the mammoth trees, and the stadium got 15,000 new seats. To this day, people at UT still speak of “the Battle of Waller Creek.”


The Alan Taniguchi I met at a faculty senate meeting two years later was something of a celebrity. He had an imposing demeanor and was still a stalwart opponent of Erwin’s. To the ire of the steadfastly conservative chairman, Taniguchi spoke out regularly on campus and elsewhere against the Vietnam War. On one occasion he asked two FBI agents to leave the architecture building when he saw them photographing anti-war protesters from a window in the men’s restroom. When Erwin found out, he cut funding to the school of architecture to punish Taniguchi.


I was attending the faculty senate meeting as a reporter for the Daily Texan. I was twenty years old, from a small town in the Piney Woods of East Texas, and had never before met an Asian person. After the meeting, I approached Taniguchi for a brief interview and asked him about his ancestry. He explained that he was Japanese but born in America.


“How did you get to Texas?” I asked.


“My family was in camp here,” he said.


“Church camp?” I asked.


“Not exactly,” he said with a laugh.


Taniguchi told me that his father, Isamu, had been interned as a “dangerous enemy alien” in Crystal City during World War II. He explained that his family had been among the tens of thousands of Japanese arrested and incarcerated during the war, nearly two thirds of them American-born. As he spoke, his demeanor was calm, without a trace of self-absorption, but he said that the humiliations visited upon his family and thousands of others had left him skeptical about of government power, especially during wartime. He was a man of courage, which showed in the straightness of his posture and his willingness to take on Erwin.


A year after our meeting, Taniguchi left UT to head the architecture school at Rice University. In the decades that followed, we saw each other occasionally, and the subject of our conversations inevitably returned to the Crystal City Internment Camp. Unlike many of the other camps throughout the country that have been written about extensively, the Crystal City camp is largely unknown. It opened in 1942 for the purpose of allowing German, Italian, and Japanese fathers who’d been identified as dangerous enemy aliens to be reunited with their wives and children. The Roosevelt administration cloaked the camp in secrecy because hundreds of Crystal City prisoners were being exchanged for American diplomats, soldiers, and missionaries who were being held behind enemy lines in Japan and Germany. Over the decades, that veil of secrecy has never really lifted.

http://www.texasmonthly.com/story/south-texas-internment-camp-world-war-ii

CosmicCowboy
12-29-2014, 04:49 PM
interesting. Didn't know about that. Crystal City is a real shithole.

Winehole23
12-29-2014, 04:56 PM
folks a little bit older than me may remember Crystal City as the birthplace of La Raza Unida.

http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/war01

CosmicCowboy
12-29-2014, 05:03 PM
folks a little bit older than me may remember Crystal City as the birthplace of La Raza Unida.

http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/war01

Yep...and 20 years later it was a virtual ghost town.

boutons_deux
12-29-2014, 05:03 PM
"hundreds of Crystal City prisoners were being exchanged for American diplomats, soldiers, and missionaries who were being held behind enemy lines in Japan and Germany."

and they were, some? many? American citizens? legal residents? discarded like garbage into the enemy's garbage dump?

Winehole23
01-01-2015, 04:35 AM
Yep...and 20 years later it was a virtual ghost town.What, did somebody get scared of the uppity brown Texans?

pgardn
01-01-2015, 08:33 PM
folks a little bit older than me may remember Crystal City as the birthplace of La Raza Unida.

http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/war01

They took down the Popeyes statue proudly displayed as Crystal City was the spinach capital.
Me grand pappy was born in Carrizo Springs. I think he liked the statue.

pgardn
01-01-2015, 08:35 PM
What, did somebody get scared of the uppity brown Texans?

They sucked all the acquifers dry. Farming was done.

Winehole23
03-23-2015, 02:30 PM
Ideno says the Japanese community thought there were economic motives behind the detentions, a suspicion historians say was often correct. Farms and businesses relieved of their German, Japanese or Latin American owners could be taken over by other entities. Detainees were also used as currency in the ongoing repatriation process, in which the U.S. sent Axis nationals back to those countries in exchange for Americans who’d been detained there. “Back to those countries” was sometimes a misnomer, as in the cases of U.S.-born children who spoke no German but were nonetheless sent to Germany along with their immigrant parents.http://www.texasobserver.org/otherness-among-us/#.VP8xhWA4Hns.twitter

Winehole23
03-23-2015, 02:31 PM
land reform under the color of security?


In 1942, says William McWhorter of the Texas Historical Commission, the Allies were losing the war and feared a Japanese invasion of Latin America. In an agreement with—or under pressure from—the United States, 13 Latin American countries agreed to send their residents of Axis nationality or descent to facilities like Crystal City.


Allowing the U.S. to hold these detainees ostensibly improved security for the Latin American countries, and again, the U.S. had another motivation: Latin American detainees expanded the pool of people to exchange for Americans in the repatriation process. Some historians suggest that the deportations also benefitted U.S. and Latin American entrepreneurs, who took over farms and businesses the deportees left behind.

Winehole23
03-23-2015, 02:32 PM
Today, school buildings and athletic facilities for the Crystal City Javelinas cover most of the camp site.

Winehole23
03-23-2015, 02:38 PM
They sucked all the acquifers dry. Farming was done.O rly?


The self-described Spinach Capital of the World hosts an annual festival celebrating its mainstay crop, and a Del Monte cannery still operates on the north side of town.

Beyond agriculture, the town lacks major industries.

Winehole23
05-04-2015, 02:57 PM
Jan Jarboe at the San Antonio Book Festival, via C-Span:

http://www.c-span.org/video/?325462-5/panel-discussion-world-war-ii-internment

boutons_deux
05-04-2015, 03:01 PM
The Japanese internment is infamous, less so:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internment_of_German_Americans

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internment_of_Italian_Americans