Upon request, preferably in writing, an accused may be given the opportunity by the grand
jury to appear before it.
An accused who does so appear cannot be forced to testify because of the cons utional privilege against self-incrimination. If the grand jury attempts to force the accused to testify, an indictment returned against that person may be nullified.
Because the appearance of an accused before the grand jury may raise complicated legal
problems, a grand jury that desires to request or to permit an accused to appear before it should
consult with the United States Attorney and, if necessary, the court before proceeding.
Even if the accused is willing to testify voluntarily, it is recommended that he or she first be
warned of the right not to testify. Also, he or she may be required to sign a formal waiver of this
right. The grand jury should be completely satisfied that the accused fully understands what he or
she is doing.