From http://www.thefreelibrary.com/An+exa.....-a0146060204
Dysfunctional Fan Portrait
The individual characteristics associated with the dysfunctional fan drawn from this study illustrates a picture of a less educated, lower income, younger, single, with no children at home, male who spends an inordinate amount of his time consuming sports media and, presumably, beer. This snapshot suggests that these individuals may lack other meaningful connections or relationships that provide direction and that promote self-control. Characteristically, the response pattern of respondents (see Table 1) suggests that some individuals, more dysfunctional in nature, are even willing to seek out unsolicited opportunities to vent--via online surveys such as the one presented in this study.
This portrait also points to the possibility that other personality traits and behaviors may be related to dysfunctional fan behavior. For instance, given the relationship between fans' reported views on the necessity of alcohol consumption, related research suggests that impulsivity (Gerald & Higley, 2002), antisocial personality disorders (Thomasson & Vaglum, 1996), or other psychopathic deviance and mania (Vallian & Scanlan, 1996) may be characteristic of dysfunctional fans. Perhaps less dramatic, dysfunctional fans may represent those individuals with maladaptive perfectionism and low self-esteem (see Ashby & Rice, 2002). Such individuals may seek perfection from the players, the coaches, the referees, the stadium food service, and the local sports radio show host, but due to poor self-esteem and coping techniques tend to complain and confront others as a means to satisfy their malfunctioning perfectionist at udes. Finally, Ruiz (2001) finds that "narcissism and hostility [traits] are both characterized by dysfunctional social interactions, including tendencies to perceive slights, experience anger, and behave aggressively." As a means of coping with inflated and fragile serf-esteems, these individuals respond aggressively to any downward revision of the self-concept (Baumeister, Smart, & Boden, 1996; Ruiz, 2001.) Taken together, we anticipate that future research may find that the anti-social behavior of dysfunctional sports fans is not confined to the stadium or arena--but that the sporting event context gives rise to cir stances where the true nature of the individual quickly rises to the surface.

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