For your reading:
A bit of background on counter insurgency doctrine:
news story:
http://www.military.com/features/0,15240,120810,00.html
A rough draft of the Army/Marine counterinsurgency manual:
(242 page pdf, you have been warned)
http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm3-24fd.pdf
This manual has been modified somewhat but you can read it and get very good grasp of what the final do ent looks like. I will see if I can find a copy of the final version to post here. Yes, I have read the whole thing. Not memorized it mind you, but read it.
If you read the above do ent, AND you look into how the war was run up until the surge, you can only conclude that the war was not being run according to the military's own doctrine, a doctrine that incoroporates all the lessons we learned from Vietnam and later low-level conflicts.