Though we have interpreted our results in terms of racial differences, we actually manipulate only the
name on the resume. While these names clearly signal race, perhaps they also signal some other personal
characteristics. More specifically, one might be concerned that employers are inferring social background
from the personal name. When employers read a name like “Tyrone” or “Latoya,”
they may assume that the
person comes from a disadvantaged background. In the extreme form of this social background interpretation,
employers do not care at all about race but are discriminating only against the social background conveyed
by the names we have chosen.