You're touching on a topic that's certainly not new (which doesn't make it any less important or relevant) and that has to do with interpretation of the Cons ution in spirit or as written. This is something that has justices split for a long time, and it's unlikely to disappear.
I mean, if there's *one* thing about the 2nd amendment that doesn't really translate well to modern days is indeed the wording. While the part you highlight (shall not be infringed) is very clear, other parts like the whole militia part is much less clear. Not to mention that what "arms" should be construed as is also very unclear (does lack of specificity means all, or something that should be left to Congress or the States to define?). Does the right also protects access to guns (that is, shields government from taxing them in such a way that it becomes a per-se ban?).
None of that is really defined in the 2nd amendment, and so it opens itself up to interpretation.
It should also be noted that while the SCOTUS affirmed the right, it also conceded it's not outside the scope of the Government to regulate it (from DC vs er):
In regard to the scope of the right, the Court wrote, in an obiter dictum, "Although we do not undertake an exhaustive historical analysis today of the full scope of the Second Amendment, nothing in our opinion should be taken to cast doubt on longstanding prohibitions on the possession of firearms by felons and the mentally ill, or laws forbidding the carrying of firearms in sensitive places such as schools and government buildings, or laws imposing conditions and qualifications on the commercial sale of arms."[50]
The Court also added dicta regarding the private ownership of machine guns. In doing so, it suggested the elevation of the "in common use at the time" prong of the Miller decision, which by itself protects handguns, over the first prong (protecting arms that "have some reasonable relationship to the preservation or efficiency of a well regulated militia"), which may not by itself protect machine guns: "It may be objected that if weapons that are most useful in military service – M16 rifles and the like – may be banned, then the Second Amendment right is completely detached from the prefatory clause. But as we have said, the conception of the militia at the time of the Second Amendment’s ratification was the body of all citizens capable of military service, who would bring the sorts of lawful weapons that they possessed at home."[51]