depends on what the penalties are. to the extent the penalties cause for violence, yeah they'd be void in the US. the free exercise of religion is limited to the extent that it directly conflicts with state or federal law. if the penalty is violent in nature (stoning, beating, etc) it obviously would be illegal to enforce.
to the extent the punishment is some form of excommunication or banishment from that ins ution, they're able to have that, as far as i'm aware

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"but semantics"

