I thought you were refering to my study, rather than the one in the original thread. Sorry.
In the case of comparing religious societies to non-religious ones... it seems like an uphill battle in trying to find seperate societies that are comparable in most ways aside from their religiousity. I don't think you could do it within a given country, because the range of religiousity in comparable cities tends to be rather narrow. I city like, Dallas, for example may rank high on the religiousity scale, but it really isn't significantly more religious than, say, Seattle.
You really would have to compare discrete metro areas in areas with widely different religiousity profiles, which most likely means different countries - probably seperated by a significant geographic boundary. In the process of controlling for all the socioeconomic variables, I suspect the data will be mangled beyond the point of comprehension. University of Chicago Economist James Heckman won a Nobel prize for his work in developing a method for analyzing selective samples, so maybe some of his techniques could be applied to get some meaningful answers.

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