As for "stealing" from the "good" shareholders, you are inherently assuming that the government is a "bad" shareholder AND that the "good" shareholders actually have something to steal.
In an insolvent bank, the "good" shareholders automatically lose EVERYTHING they had.
If the "bad" government comes in and gives that bank a capital/equity infusion, then the "good" shareholders, by defintion, share in that proportionally, and still hold something of value. Such actions do not steal from the original shareholders, and actually do the exact opposite of what you seem to be implying here.
Your analogy and underlying assumptions fail.
ANYBODY who provides capital to a business en y does so under conditions that serve to protect that capital and that meet the ultimate goals of the provider of that capital.
Bond holders provide capital, AT THE MINIMUM, with the understanding/condition that they be ahead of common/preferred stockholders in liquidation. Often, there are a host of other strings attached to the bond contract.
Providers of equity stakes in large companies often have similar requirements, including having a seat on the board of directors.
Quite frankly, if the government provided capital to any company to keep it from tanking, I want it to look out for that capital in the form of reasonable requirements. It should do its fiduciary duty, just as any other en y with capital should.