Neither. Both.
Quite honestly, all this new revelation has done is simply confirm what I was reasonably sure about all along.
The "tone at the top" said that anything goes.
That sense of what was appropriate got communicated down through the organization (military), and the relatively untrained guards and interrogators who got handed the responsibility of running Abu Gharaib did what they thought was appropriate.
They were "bad apples" in the sense that few or none really questioned what they were doing, and some were outright enthusiastic about it. But the blame can't be entirely dumped on them, because the general tone of what was going on encouraged, or at the very least, condoned it.

Reply With Quote
