Research shows that E211 - found in drinks such as Fanta and Pepsi Max - can switch off vital parts of DNA, causing serious damage to cells.
Laboratory tests suggest this could even result in degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and cirrhosis of the liver.
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The research into E211 - or sodium benzoate - was carried out by Peter Piper, a molecular biology expert at Sheffield University.
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"These chemicals have the ability to cause severe damage to DNA in the mitochondria to the point that they totally inactivate it, they knock it out altogether," he told a Sunday newspaper.